這個指標表明臺積電未來回報足夠誘人
雖然臺積電(TSM.US)上週公佈第三季度財報之後獲得了不錯的市場反應,但實際上,該股仍處於從2月份開始的整體下跌趨勢。
自今年2月以來,臺積電美股的表現比大盤和半導體行業差了最多20%,到目前爲止股價僅上漲了6%。今年不少半導體公司處境都不算好,一方面是由於芯片短缺的影響,另一方面則是在2020年強勁的股價表現。以臺積電爲例,其股價僅在2020年便上漲了85%,在過去5年累計上漲了273%。
臺積電第三季度財報顯示,該公司營收148.8億美元,較預期高1.4億美元,同比增長22%;GAAP會計準則下每股收益爲1.08美元,較普遍預期高出0.05美元,同比增長20%;毛利率和營業利潤率都好於市場預期,且較第二季度有所改善。
臺積電的股價也可能正處於橫盤波動中,因爲其前景在整個行業或整體市場中並不突出。下圖展示了臺積電、半導體行業和美股市場的收益和營收增長前景。

由於預期與行業和整體市場大體一致,投資者似乎沒有理由承擔目前與芯片股相關的風險。臺積電似乎沒有被高估,但相對於預期的增長速度,其估值也並不便宜。
雖然該股近期的前景看起來不太令人興奮,但投資者可以看看該公司的資本配置情況,以便了解該公司未來的複利情況。
爲此,投資者可以關注臺積電的已動用資本回報率(ROCE),該指標衡量的是一家公司在其業務中使用的資本產生的“回報”(稅前利潤)。ROCE=息稅前利潤(EBIT)/(總資產-流動負債),根據這個公式,以臺積電截至2021年9月的過去12個月的數據計算,可以得到該公司的ROCE爲23%。
這個結果超過了其同行13%的平均水平。在大型半導體生產商中,只有高通(QCOM.US)、德州儀器(TXN.US)和AMD(AMD.US)擁有更高的ROCE。

臺積電這樣的資本回報率令人滿意。在過去的5年裏,其ROCE一直保持在23%水平附近,與此同時,該公司內部的資本投入增長了83%。鑑於此,這樣的組合實際上是很有吸引力的,因爲它意味着該公司可以持續投入資金併產生高回報。
當然,資本配置只是需要關注的一個方面。僅就這方面而言,臺積電的ROCE不論是絕對值還是與同行相比都令人印象深刻,這對該公司未來的增長前景而言無疑是個好兆頭。
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