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“豬茅”回血近四成,但全行業仍在低谷!機構稱拐點在明年
格隆匯 10-13 08:02

本文來自:上海證券報,作者:陳雨康

狂跌數月的豬肉板塊,迎來了久違的大幅反彈。

9月下旬以來,A股豬肉板塊持續反彈。截至10月12日收盤,“豬茅”牧原股份收於53.92元,較三季度39元的股價最低點已累計上漲38%。

Wind數據顯示,9月以來,反映一攬子豬肉股走勢的豬產業指數累計上漲約16%。與此同時,生豬期貨也出現了觸底反彈。

業內人士表示,近期,豬肉收儲落地的消息提振了市場情緒。此外,豬肉消費旺季來臨,也有利於豬價反彈。不過,目前豬肉價格仍總體低迷,預計三、四季度上市豬企利潤承壓。機構預測,隨着能繁母豬存欄量下降,明年養殖行業或能開啟新一輪盈利週期。

政策“託底”效應顯現

豬肉股反彈是政策“託底”效應顯現。

據商務部10月11日消息,商務部會同有關部門開展了本年度第四批中央儲備豬肉收儲。10月10日商務部會同國家發展改革委、財政部等部門收儲3萬噸中央儲備豬肉,並佈局存儲在12個省份。

此前,據國家發展改革委消息,9月20日至24日當週,全國平均豬糧比價為4.93:1,已進入過度下跌一級預警區間(低於5:1)。國家發展改革委會同有關部門開展年內第二輪中央凍豬肉儲備收儲,地方也在加大力度收儲。

除豬肉收儲工作外,生豬產能調控的力度也在加大。

農業農村部9月23日發佈了《生豬產能調控實施方案(暫行)》(以下簡稱《實施方案》)。《實施方案》指出,“十四五”期間,以正常年份全國豬肉產量在5500萬噸時的生產數據為參照,設定能繁母豬存欄量調控目標。能繁母豬月度存欄量處於正常保有量的90%—95%和105%—110%區間(含90%和110%兩個臨界值),啟動相應調控措施,

養豬行業盈利情況仍不樂觀

今年以來,受生豬產能激增、公共衞生事件等多因素影響,豬價持續下行,生豬養殖行業盈利水平同比去年大幅下滑。近期,生豬養殖行業的整體經營情況仍不樂觀。

據山東省畜牧總站測算,今年三季度,生豬養殖持續虧損。其中,生豬(按育肥豬平均體重110公斤)自繁自育盈虧成本線為16.01元/公斤,虧損584元左右;外購仔豬育肥盈虧成本線為20.79元/公斤,虧損1110元。

Wind數據顯示,今年6月初,自繁自育生豬養殖利潤開始步入虧損區間,隨後,虧損額不斷增加。

廣發證券表示,9月末豬價接近歷史最低點,行業進入深度虧損區間。預計三季度將是大部分養殖企業盈利壓力最大的季度,四季度以後養殖企業虧損情況有望收斂。根據歷史經驗,在沒有疫情等外部因素的催化下,“持續深度虧損”是行業產能去化的必要條件,往往難以一蹴而就。

展望後市,一德期貨生鮮品分析師侯曉瑞表示,本次生豬現貨價格上漲,背後是階段性拋售導致的毛豬供應小幅減少,但尚未到達真正的週期拐點。另外,現貨價格走強將減緩行業去產能速度,進而使週期底部時間變長。

太平洋證券認為,7月至8月,全國能繁母豬存欄結束了連續21個月的增長。預計豬價週期性底部將在2022年二季度出現,之後將向均值迴歸。華安證券判斷稱,預計明年上半年豬價將創新低,下半年豬價有望企穩回升。 

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