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美債收益率和原油價格同步飆升,兩者有啥關係?
格隆匯 09-29 17:21

本文來自:金十數據

油價上漲,或者更廣泛地說,能源成本上漲是推高美國國債收益率的因素之一。

全球能源危機促使布倫特原油一度觸及每桶80美元上方,並有望錄得自今年2月以來最佳單月表現。

當前WTI原油價格也處於2018年10月以來的歷史新高,10年期美債收益率突破1.5%,爲去年6月以來的最高水平,WTI原油與10年期國債收益率之間的120天相關性升至一年多來的最高水平。

原材料作爲全球經濟主要的投入成本,價格上漲意味着通脹不太可能減弱,名義利率料將上升。歐洲天然氣、碳排放許可和電力價格週二均創下新高,漲勢幾乎沒有放緩的跡象。

當然,美聯儲縮減購債規模的言論纔是推動美債收益率上漲的主要因素。但其實只要通脹還可控,美聯儲仍企圖按兵不動,而燃料成本的上漲成爲迫使美聯儲不得不鬆口的原因之一。

油價接近三年高位之時,美國石油庫存也收縮至三年低點,這爲OPEC及其盟友提供了更多的迴旋餘地。該組織可能會加快目前每月40萬桶/日的增產速度,同時很可能面臨來自各方的增產呼聲。歐佩克+下一次會議將於10月4日舉行。

值得注意的是,原油價格不能成爲全球經濟復甦的判斷依據,據此對美債收益率、尤其是較長期美債收益率走勢做出的預測也是不理智的。

儘管過去五年裏,原油和美國國債收益率的走勢基本同步,且在很大程度上,兩者是實時反映全球經濟增長的晴雨表,但與美債不同的是,原油來自不同的國家,各國原油生產成本及經濟和政治動機都不同,這可能導致原油出現短期的價格扭曲。再加上OPEC+成員國試圖控制原油產量,以維持穩定的價格。原油價格仍承擔一定的下行風險。

在2015年石油供過於求期間,美國國債收益率走低,但其跌幅卻沒有達到原油價格所暗示的程度。這表明,當時的債券買家也明白,油價波動是暫時的,並不代表全球經濟增長放緩。

同理,近期石油和天然氣價格的飆升並不意味着全球經濟復甦正“搭上火箭”,況且油價漲勢還有OPEC“虎視眈眈”。

週二,OPEC發佈石油展望報告。OPEC在報告中下調了對長期石油需求的預期,稱疫情和電動汽車的競爭將對消費者行爲帶來變化;並且仍對其未來前景持樂觀態度,認爲隨着來自非OPEC產油國的競爭減弱,其市場份額將在未來幾十年上升。歐佩克預計,美國頁巖油產量將在2030年左右達到峯值。

週三,美國至9月24日當週API原油庫存意外錄得增加412.7萬桶,WTI原油期貨日內跌幅一度達2%,但隨後又強勢回升,日內轉漲。10年期美債收益率盤中也一度逼近1.5%關口。

北京時間週三22:30將公佈美國至9月24日當週EIA原油庫存,預期減少165.2萬桶,前值爲減少348.1萬桶。若庫存降幅低於預期,或挫傷原油多頭信心。

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