光大證券:央行定調“雙維護”,房地產市場悲觀情緒持續修復
本文來自: 光大證券研究
事件
9月28日,房地產板塊整體漲幅明顯,市場悲觀情緒持續修復。
9月28日,房地產板塊整體漲幅明顯,龍頭股漲勢優異,配置價值凸顯。A股300地產指數上漲5.6%,金科股份漲9.4%,金地集團漲7.7%,招商蛇口漲6.5%,萬科A漲6.4%,保利發展漲5.6%;港股恆生地產指數上漲2.8%,融創中國漲14.8%,龍湖集團漲7.0%,萬科企業漲6.6%,華潤置地漲4.4%。
點評
央行定調穩定市場情緒,居民按揭邊際回暖,土拍規則優化修復盈利空間
自2020年下半年起,為防止較為充裕的流動性湧入房地產市場,監管層出台精準調控政策,包括“三道紅線”和房地產貸款“兩集中”等,A股地產板塊悲觀情緒過度發酵。
當前,房地產行業增量開發規模逐步見頂,人口和資源向大都市圈聚集的趨勢已較為明確。房企在生存和發展壓力下,對熱點城市優質土地資源的爭奪格外激烈,部分房企出現“無視正常利潤率,盲目抬價,無序競爭,高溢價拿地”的情況。優質土地資源的惡性競爭,對房地產行業平穩健康發展的傷害較大,影響了行業整體利潤水平。受資本市場悲觀情緒過度發酵影響,近期地產股遭到拋售,基金持倉降至較低水平,反過來影響龍頭房企的發展積極性,間接影響了房地產行業朝着“利潤合理化、管理精細化,產品優質化,施工綠色化”升級迭代的節奏。
1)7月9日,央行宣佈從7月15日起普降存款準備金率0.5個百分點,釋放長期資金約1萬億元。7月降準提升銀行整體可貸資金規模,已釋放流動性邊際寬鬆信號。我們在前期報吿中提出“在落實房地產行業貸款集中度管理時,現有房地產貸款的佔比將下降,利於商業銀行完成央行的房地產貸款集中度管理指標,也利於在指標允許的範圍內,繼續對“剛需和首套”的房屋按揭貸款進行支持”。
2)下半年開始,地方政府優化了第二批集中出讓地塊的競價規則,如設定地價上限、競共有產權份額、競品質、競自持房屋比例、執行差異化税收信貸優惠政策、制定優先購房順序等,遏制非理性拿地行為,堅決穩地價、穩房價、穩預期;近期全國土地市場降温明顯,1-8月,土地購置面積10733萬平方米,累計同比-10.2%;其中八月單月土地購置面積1969萬平方米,單月同比-13.9%;9月開啟的二次集中供地的成交溢價率出現明顯下降。
3)9月27日,據人民銀行消息稱,貨幣政策委員會2021年第三季度例會於9月24日召開,會議提出:穩健的貨幣政策要靈活精準、合理適度,保持流動性合理充裕,增強信貸總量增長的穩定性,保持貨幣供應量和社會融資規模增速同名義經濟增速基本匹配,保持宏觀槓桿率基本穩定;同時,會議明確提出,要維護房地產市場的健康發展,維護住房消費者的合法權益。
風險分析:全球通脹預期和大宗商品上漲或導致利率有上行壓力,或對資金密集型的地產開發造成潛在影響;新冠疫情和中美貿易摩擦或導致國內部分行業發展和就業情況不及預期,進而影響居民收入和信貸擴張;房企“三道紅線”疊加債務集中償還期,部分房企或出現信用違約等。
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