大摩:半導體行業“凜冬將至”,這些指標已給出預示
來源 | Wind資訊
半導體領域一直被視爲美國經濟和市場的最佳領先指標之一。在去年,該行業也成爲首個在3月觸底的行業。此後隨着全球央行釋放天量流動性,該板塊一路攀升,直至8月初出現見頂跡象。
自8月5日以來,全球半導體業景氣度指標之一——費城半導體指數一路走低,連續6個交易日錄得跌幅,爲2018年10月美聯儲政策結束美股牛市以來首次。
這一關鍵的市場領先指標持續逆轉,對整體風險基調產生深遠影響,也是市場見頂的重要信號。
從個股表現來看,到目前爲止,受到打擊的主要是芯片巨頭美光科技(Micron Technology)(MU.US)。由於對內存需求的擔憂,該公司股價本週跌逾14%,而同行西部數據(Western Digital)(WDC.US)本週下跌了9%,英特爾(Intel)(INTC.US)本週下跌近1%。
對此,摩根士丹利指出,半導體市場的痛苦纔剛剛開始。大摩警告稱,“儘管價格仍在走高,但由於供應正在趕上需求,半導體行業變化率正接近峯值。”換言之,半導體行業“冬天來了”。
以半導體存儲器DRAM爲例,大摩認爲該存儲器的週期條件已經開始變動。“最初,我們認爲,只要需求在第四季度保持強勁,價格就可能繼續上漲,因爲供應超過了產量,有助於收緊庫存。然而,儘管需求相對保持強勁,但近幾周需求有所惡化,導致價格預期下降。初步跡象表明,第四季度的定價環境將更具挑戰性。“
具體到市場影響上,大摩稱這意味着內存的投資將從“收益潛力是什麼?”轉向“爲什麼我要在週期晚期持有DRAM,什麼價格是公平的?”大摩正在調降預估,以反映供需狀況的變化,假設DRAM價格較早前達到峯值(2021年第三季度),且2022年第一季度環比將出現個位數降幅。
至於爲何稱半導體行業“凜冬將至”,大摩進一步解釋稱:內存估值已經從第一季度的峯值回落,但盈利預期卻沒有。儘管雲計算的結構性增長仍在繼續,但隨着我們進入2022年第一季度,供應和庫存都呈現出更高的下行風險。隨着我們接近2021年第四季度,目前投資者的主要辯論將圍繞在價格見頂背景下週期性倉位的持久性。
摩根士丹利還提到美聯儲收緊政策、以及美債收益率上升對半導體估值的影響。在10年期收益率上升的情況下,估值壓力升高,風險情緒正轉向避險板塊。低利率和全球寬鬆環境顯著提升了市場和科技股的估值,半導體類股的多數回報是由預期驅動的,並受到低利率的推動。
儘管在2021年上半年,行業基本面改善達到了市場預期,大摩看到目前的市場動態正朝着後一種情況發展,即美聯儲將很快縮減購債規模。而在高通脹背景下,美國10年期國債收益率在2021年傾向於上升而非下降。另一方面,投資者正在從他們的投資組合中減少風險資產。這些影響綜合起來將對半導體行業的估值產生淨負面影響。鑑於內存廠商盈利動能放緩的風險較高,大摩認爲潛在的下行風險正在顯現。
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