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市場監管總局整飭哄抬汽車芯片價格亂象,影響幾何?

本文來自:上海證券報,作者:李興彩

年初至今,汽車“缺芯”、芯片價格暴漲等亂象,一直牽動着產業界和監管層的心。

8月3日,國家市場監督管理總局披露,針對汽車芯片市場哄抬炒作、價格高企等突出問題,近日,市場監管總局根據價格監測和舉報線索,對涉嫌哄抬價格的汽車芯片經銷企業立案調查。

受此消息影響,汽車芯片板塊午後上演大跳水,兆易創新閃崩跌停,士蘭微、富滿電子、北京君正等多股大幅下跌。

截至收盤,北京君正跌幅達12.01%,新潔能、兆易創新、立昂微均跌10%。

市場監管總局本次調查劍指何方?

“主要還是查代理商。”對此,有芯片分銷人士介紹,本輪芯片漲價,原廠確實也提升了芯片出廠價格,但哄抬價格主要在分銷環節。

上述分銷人士的説法也得到了原廠的證實。某汽車芯片原廠高管在接受採訪時表示,其公司沒有接到市場監管總局的通知。他進一步解釋,由於整個產業鏈成本上漲,上游晶圓廠提升了芯片製造價格,設計公司也需要聯動下游一起消化上漲的成本,汽車芯片原廠對產品確實也有一定幅度的漲價。

斯達半導相關人士表示,渠道上漲價是可能存在的(現象),嚴查哄抬汽車芯片價格對整個產業鏈是好事情;斯達半導產品大部分走直銷。

新潔能高管則表示,公司反對炒貨,一直堅持將資源分配給真正缺貨的客户,對高成長客户和龍頭客户進行資源傾斜。

“管理部門整飭哄抬價格和炒貨亂象,有利於行業健康發展,大快人心。”對於市場監管總局此番動作,有芯片界資深人士進一步解讀,就汽車芯片來説,雖然佔整車產值不高,但卻很關鍵,哄抬價格導致囤積居奇,最終加劇“缺芯”問題,這波及汽車廠商正常生產,不少汽車生產商因此停產。此番調查與處置,將促使渠道上囤積的芯片進入流通環節,可部分解決缺芯問題。更為重要的是,當前,缺芯是全球性、全行業的問題,隨着調查展開,可以把整個渠道上囤積的芯片釋放出來,從而增加市場供應,晶圓廠可以藉此調節,勻出部分產能生產更為緊缺的芯片。

自去年底以來,汽車缺“芯”問題日益受到關注,車廠紛紛呼籲管理部門介入協調,工信部更是在1個月內兩度召開汽車芯片供應問題研討會。

嚴查哄抬汽車芯片價格消息一出,汽車芯片板塊應聲大跌。

“本次調查對行業實質上是利好。”信達證券電子行業首席分析師方競在接受採訪時表示,當前,大量汽車芯片是進口,部分貿易商囤積居奇,惡意擠壓了下游廠商的需求;調查有助於正本清源,優化分銷市場,實質利好原廠和產業發展。

有投資界人士也表示,短期在情緒上是利空芯片板塊;但長期看,由於需求持續增長、疫情影響等因素依舊,整個芯片高景氣度的產業邏輯沒有變化,短期的情緒使得板塊回調,但不改產業及板塊長期增長趨勢,國產汽車芯片廠商也可以藉此獲得更多發展機會。

記者也注意到,在此之前,部分原廠已經開始出手打擊炒貨。比如,近日,聞泰科技旗下安世半導體已正式起訴周立功電子。安世半導體表示,周立功電子違反了雙方簽署的代理商協議、合同定價方案等,對其訴訟金額近5000萬美元。

市場監管總局表示,下一步,將持續關注芯片等重要商品市場價格秩序,進一步加大監管執法力度,嚴厲查處囤積居奇、哄抬價格、串通漲價等違法行為。

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