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PVDF點評:需求拉動,供應緊缺,價格飆升

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信建投策略

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)市場價格自21年Q1以來顯著增長,截至7月5日,市場均價為17萬元/噸,三個月漲幅高達55%。

PVDF粘結劑廣泛應用於鋰電領域 

PVDF全稱聚偏氟乙烯,下游主要應用於光伏背板、氟碳塗料、鋰電池粘結劑及隔膜等領域。粘結劑是鋰電池關鍵輔材,對電極以及電池容量、循環壽命等性能有重要影響。PVDF有較高的電化學穩定性、熱穩定性和良好的電解液親和性等優勢,一般搭配NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)溶劑使用,在三元材料以及正極應用佔比極高。另外,PVDF具有較強的極性和高介電常數,用作鋰電隔膜可大幅提升隔膜的親液性,並有助於鋰鹽的離子化;也可用作隔膜塗層,能大幅度提高電池的耐高温性能和安全性。

技術要求高,粘結劑用PVDF產能有限

目前國內PVDF企業僅10餘家,總產能約8.8萬噸/年,包括阿科瑪1.9萬噸/年、巨化股份0.3萬噸/年、東嶽集團1萬噸/年等。由於技術難度大,國內產能中實際用作鋰電池粘結劑的PVDF總產量較低,且質量上有欠缺,高端PVDF產品仍依賴進口,國內粘結劑生產企業也是以外企為主,主要有索爾維、阿科瑪、吳羽等。截至2020年底,中國PVDF粘結劑總產量不足6000噸,而鋰電領域總需求約7000噸,缺口在1000噸左右。

下游新能源帶動鋰電粘結劑需求快速增長

受益於新能源汽車行業的迅猛發展,鋰電粘結劑已成為PVDF下游應用增長最快的領域,佔比由兩年前的不足10%增長到19.9%。據百川盈孚,2021年1-5月,國內新能源汽車累計產量102萬輛,同比增加262%;1-5月動力電池產量累計59.5GWh,同比增長227%。受下游需求增長的拉動,預計21年中國PVDF鋰電池粘結劑總需求量將在22000噸左右,增長約1.5萬噸(線性計算),未來仍將保持極高增速。

產能增速難掩需求,供需緊平衡使價格維持高位

由於PVDF擴產週期較長,普遍在2年以上,且大部分企業的新增產能尚處於規劃或審批階段,2021年預計僅有聯創股份的8000噸新增產能投放,鋰電粘結劑用PVDF產能仍非常有限,產能增速不及下游需求顯著增長。粘結劑用PVDF價格也自2021年Q2以來一路飆升,由4月中旬的11萬元/噸漲到目前的17萬元/噸,三個月內漲幅高達55%。由於鋰電下游對於PVDF價格容忍度更高,以致鋰電用PVDF的利潤遠高於光伏、塗料等領域。利潤驅動之下家紛紛將產業產能儘可能的調整至鋰電池領域。截至6月底,市場上70%左右的廠家目前已不再出售PVDF光伏料樹脂,粒料PVDF價格也由7萬元/噸漲到目前的13萬元/噸,PVDF整體市場持續供不應求。預計下半年供應偏緊將持續,粘結劑用PVDF價格將維持在15-20萬元/噸的高位,且未來兩年價格增速都會保持向上區間。

R142b配套完備企業成本優勢凸顯,配套溶劑NMP同樣漲勢兇兇

由於下游市場的爆火,PVDF主要原料R142b生產不足,今年以來R142b價格從年初的2萬元/噸上漲到7萬元/噸左右,且大多企業處於滿負荷運行,部分企業已經停止對外報價或接單。成本端的壓力也對PVDF價格造成了一定支撐。生產1噸PVDF約消耗1.9噸的R142b,耗量較高,因此對於配套有R142b裝置的企業成本端壓力相對較小,生產和業績的穩定性更高,包括東嶽集團(3萬噸/年)、巨化股份(2萬噸/年)。NMP是PVDF必需的配套溶劑,價格也隨PVDF一路上漲,從年初的1.5萬元/噸漲至目前的3萬元/噸以上,國內天奈科技(4.5萬噸NMP回收項目)、晶瑞股份(2.5萬噸)在NMP領域有所佈局。

主要相關推薦標的東嶽集團(3萬噸R142b產能、1萬噸PVDF產能),巨化股份(2萬噸R142b產能,0.3萬噸PVDF產能,PVDF項目二期0.7萬噸產能正積極建設,預計22年中投產);行業其他標的包括:聯創股份(8000噸PVDF在建產能,預計21年投產),璞泰來(持股東陽光氟樹脂60%股權,現有0.5萬噸PVDF產能,規劃1萬噸PVDF及2.7萬噸R142b,預計22年底投產)。

投資建議

風險提示

新能源汽車及鋰電市場下游需求不及預期,行業新增產能投放不及預期。

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