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屢挫屢戰,“國產羊乳第一股”紅星美羚闖關IPO
格隆匯 07-01 17:27

近日,紅星美羚又重啓IPO。

而早於2015年8月,它曾掛牌新三板,但於2018年4月從新三板摘牌。2019年6月,它披露A股招股書,擬衝刺創業板上市,但因財務資料原因,在去年9月“中止”。而今年4月份以來,紅星美羚再次更新了多個文件,包括財務報表、審計報告、招股說明書、審覈問詢函的回覆等。

不過遺憾的是,隨着IPO的重啓,它也暴露了許多潛在問題,而綜合來看,紅星美羚的此次上市之路也並不平坦。

紅星美羚成立於1998年,主要經營奶山羊養殖、乳製品研發、生產加工與銷售,產品包括嬰幼兒配方乳粉、兒童及成人乳粉等。從股權結構來看,它是一家家族企業,根據招股書,公司實際控制人王寶印及家人合計持有公司股份79.8%。

1

營收增速放緩

從公司基本面來看,紅星美羚營收增長乏力

報告期內,公司分別實現3.14億、3.42億、3.63億元的營收,但需注意的是,公司營收增長率從2018年的20.26%降至2020年的6.36%。同時,公司淨利潤分別爲4140萬、4489萬、5509萬元。

隨着營收增速放緩,公司又面臨存庫高企的壓力。招股書顯示,報告期內,公司存貨餘額佔同期流動資產的比例達到了五、六成以上,且週轉水平逐年下降。雖然公司解釋是產品加工、營銷鏈條較長,以及備貨規模較高,但是較大的期末存貨仍或將影響公司的資金週轉速度。

與此同時,公司的經營性現金流量淨額出現波動下滑的趨勢,而這意味着,如果未來公司業務進一步擴大規模,公司將面臨臨營運資金短缺風險。

2

市場競爭力薄弱

就目前來看,羊乳主要是以家庭散養爲主,生鮮羊乳供給市場尚不十分規範,存在價格“大起大落”、收購質量標準要求不一等現象。

紅星美羚羊乳來源主要是合作奶站和專業合作社,自控養殖基地產奶數量較少,僅佔4.24%。同時,受倉儲及運輸成本的影響,紅星美羚所需生鮮羊乳主要在縣域內就近採購。因此,這在一定程度上來講,公司未來如果遇到畜牧養殖政策調整,或奶山羊疫病等情況,可能會面臨生鮮羊乳供應不足的風險。

事實上,羊乳市場是高利潤行業,因爲羊奶營養價值相對較高,且羊乳製品對老年人的健康具有很好的調養作用,隨着中國“二孩”政策放開,以及中國老齡人口的不斷增多,羊乳製品市場或將在近年來迎來大幅增長

但就實際情況來看,近年來行業賽道已越來越擁擠。一方面,紅星美羚面臨雅士利集團、飛鶴乳業等國內大型羊乳企業競爭,另一方面,它也面臨着佳貝艾特、 諾優能等外資品牌的競爭,且外資羊乳粉品牌知名度及市場佔有率明顯高於國內羊乳粉品牌,可以看出,紅星美羚也面臨着許多的市場挑戰。

3

結語

整體來看,乳製品行業是黃金賽道,且國內尚未有一家羊乳企業上市,因此市場投資者十分看好賽道的投資機會。但不可忽視的是,作爲“國內羊乳第一股”紅星美羚也面臨着許多的經營隱患,和激烈的市場競爭,且此前紅星美羚又謀求上市無果,此次IPO重啓,紅星美羚道阻且長。

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