週期股接連大跌!大宗商品暴漲引中央關注,全球加息潮要來了?
今日,週期股集體熄火,A股方面煤炭、鋼鐵、有色紛紛大跌。鋼鐵板塊方面,酒鋼宏興跌超9%,重慶鋼鐵、鞍鋼股份跌超8%,太鋼不鏽、新鋼股份跌超7%,寶鋼股份跌超6%,板塊內30餘隻個股下跌。

港股方面,鋼鐵亦領跌大盤,跌幅近8%,銅、鋁等有色板塊亦斷崖式下跌。

期貨方面,黑色系盤中跳水遭重挫,鐵礦石領跌,動力煤跌超4%,焦煤、焦炭跌逾3%,螺紋鋼大跌2.92%。截至收盤,鐵礦石主力合約跌7.49%,報1216.5元。

綜合來看,週期類各大板塊今日的集體回調由多種因素共同導致。
其一美國最新公佈的CPI對市場帶來的影響。昨日數據顯示,美國4月份CPI大幅攀升,遠高於市場預期,創金融危機以來的最高,消息一出直接引發金融市場巨震,美股雪崩,美國10年期國債收益率大幅飆升,隔夜VIX指數大漲26.33%,創下2個多月以來新高。
美國通脹上升非常之快,讓市場擔憂,美聯儲可能將被迫調整貨幣政策,加息預期大幅攀升,也導致了今日大宗商品和週期類相關板塊的暴跌。
其二是消息面上,最近大宗商品的持續暴漲已引發中央和監管層的關注。
5月11日,大商所已率先出手,調高鐵礦石期貨合約漲跌停板幅度與交易保證金,以及將鐵礦石期貨標準品鐵品位從62%下調至61%並引入滾動交割,通過監管政策遏制鐵礦石期貨這輪的炒作潮。政策發佈後,煤炭、鋼鐵、有色的瘋漲之勢有明顯降温。分析人士認為,監管部門將繼續採取措施遏制市場炒作行為,加之下游鋼材交易因價格偏高而趨於平淡,將很大程度制約鐵礦石上漲幅度。
昨日國常會召開,會議再次強調,要跟蹤分析國內外形勢和市場變化,做好市場調節,應對大宗商品價格過快上漲及其連帶影響。
關於這段時間全球大宗商品價格上漲和通脹走高的原因,央行表示主要推動因素有三。一是主要經濟體政府出台大規模刺激方案,市場普遍預期總需求將趨於旺盛;二是境外疫情明顯反彈,供給端仍存在制約因素,全球經濟在後疫情時代的需求復甦進度階段性快於供給恢復;三是主要經濟體中央銀行實施超寬鬆貨幣政策,全球流動性環境持續處於極度寬鬆狀態。
央行強調,目前看上述三方面影響短期內難以消除,全球通脹中樞可能在一段時間裏延續温和抬升走勢。
從我國“碳中和”背景和全球疫情升級的背景來看,大宗商品目前在供給端短期內壓力仍然較大;國內的經濟復甦拉動下,商品需求強勁,結合海外季度寬鬆的貨幣政策,至少在三季度之前海內外對大宗商品的需求拉動作用依然較強,因此,以鋼鐵為首的各週期行業在供需不平衡及通脹背景下仍有上漲機會。
不過,也有市場分析認為,此輪大宗商品短期爆炒的泡沫或將破滅。
首創證券發佈的市場策略報吿稱,按照歷史規律,大宗商品價格與經濟走勢基本同步,經濟見頂的時間點與商品價格見頂的時間點基本一致。中國工業內需早在2020年四季度見頂,美國PMI的進口分項在4月出現了明顯的下降。美國修復相比歐洲更早,如果美國在4-5月見頂,歐洲可能在未來的兩三個月內見頂。全球工業需求見頂可能不超過三個月,因此大宗商品價格上漲可能不超過三個月生命。
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