【中信研究】地产行业将结束内卷化竞争,迎接板块估值抬升
青岛自然资源和规划局官网发布,为落实2021年自然资源部住宅用地供应分类调控工作视频会议及相关文件要求,严格实行住宅用地“两集中”同步公开出让,即集中发布出让公告、集中组织出让活动。全年将分3批次,集中统一发布住宅用地的招拍挂公告,并实施招拍挂出让活动,引导市场理性竞争。
稳定企业资金运用预期,避免集中竞争,降低土地市场溢价率
我们相信,多地土地集中分批次出让,有利于避免地产企业过度竞争。由于土地出让一般有保证金要求,企业很难在多地,针对大量地块,同时缴纳保证金。我们相信,平均而言,单块土地可参与的房企数量可能会下降(尽管最优质地块的参与企业数量并不会下降)。即使是比较激进的企业,也只能量力而行,参与一部分的土地出让。
增加土地市场公开透明度,规范房地产开发流程,减少“勾地”的空间,有利于全国性的大公司
我们认为,及时、准确、全面披露地块信息,集中发布公告,有利于企业全面比较不同地区,不同地块的质量。所有增加土地市场透明度,规范开发流程的努力,都更有利于全国性的大公司,尤其是那些资金成本、建造经验有优势的企业。
刺激地方适当增加土地供给,适当提升供应土地的质量,合理定价
由于地方推地的机会是有限的,一旦推地过少,或由于所推土地质量太低,导致开发企业不积极,流拍率过高,地方只能等待下一次土地出让的窗口。这在客观上可能推动地方适当增加供给,并合理定价。
进一步增加企业开发流程的竞争,对企业的工程节点、定价营销、产品质素等要求提升,有利于开发能力较为均衡的公司
集中时间点推地,意味着推盘的时间竞赛更为直接和激烈,也意味着流程管控能力更强,品质更高的房企可能更具优势。
风险提示
部分企业可能无视贷款集中度管理和三道红线要求,强行同时缴纳大量保证金,从而增加部分企业面临信用风险;政策不利于擅长勾地的本地化中小公司,也不利于流程管控能力较差,产品竞争力不足的公司。
终结行业的内卷化竞争,供给侧改革的最后一块制度拼图
我们认为,三道红线和房贷集中度管理,的确限制了企业恶性加杠杆,但土地市场激烈竞争的制度环境仍有待改革。一旦实行次数限制,集中出让的招拍挂规则,增加土地市场透明度,则更有利于形成市场有序、稳定的竞争格局,减少“地王”出现的频次,稳定优秀企业的盈利水平,推进优胜劣汰。从制度上来说,土地市场的改革可以是行业供给侧改革的最后一块拼图——内卷化竞争将因此结束,真正优秀的房企的稳定性和成长性将都有所上升。我们看好房地产板块的投资机会,推荐万科A(万科企业),保利地产、金地集团、龙湖集团、华润置地、碧桂园、旭辉控股集团、金科股份、世茂集团、世茂股份和招商蛇口。
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