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【中信有色】十年大周期,铜价剑指一万二
格隆汇 02-22 13:50

与上轮历史高点铜价的走势相比,目前铜价上涨已来到缺口+通胀为核心驱动力的新阶段,综合流动性、供需、库存因素,我们预计此轮铜价有望达到12000美元/吨,且未来两年维持高位。伴随矿业公司估值向资源维度切换和价格高位带来盈利高确定性释放,具备资源优势的成长型龙头更具投资价值,核心推荐紫金矿业(A/H)、洛阳钼业(A/H),关注西部矿业、江西铜业(A/H)、五矿资源(H)。

以史为鉴:目前铜价上涨已来到缺口+通胀为核心驱动力的新阶段

截至2021年2月19日,LME铜价已经突破8900美元/吨,仅次于2010-2011年的历史高位区间,市场对于铜价的上行已形成一致预期,但对后续的价格空间和持续性存在分歧。我们将2009-2011年(金融危机)和2020-2022年(疫情危机)两段相似背景的铜价走势进行比较,认为目前铜价上涨已来到缺口+通胀为核心驱动力的新阶段。

未来一年铜价有望达到12000美元/吨

我们比较2009-2011年和2020-2022年的影响铜价的要素:

1)流动性方面:此轮资产负债表扩张速度更快、规模更大,且后续仍有美国1.9万亿美元的疫情纾困计划和可能的基建刺激政策助力流动性持续;美联储对于通胀的容忍提升,此轮美国的通胀预期可能达到3%,超过上一轮2.6%的高点;

2)库存方面:被动去库存周期下,三大交易所库存维持在20万吨的历史低位,仅为上一轮库存水平的1/3,换算成库存天数仅为上一轮的1/4,任何供需缺口均将造成更大的价格弹性,且投机性融资盘对价格扰动显著减小;

3)需求方面:此轮需求以消费品驱动为主,中国和海外需求的恢复存在时间错配,预计2021年3.6%需求增速略小于上一轮,但上半年的增速将超过5%;

4)供给方面:未来两年规划铜矿新增供给近200万吨,叠加疫情扰动减弱下的产量恢复,预计2021年铜矿/精铜产量增速5.1%/3.1%,高于上一轮的1%的低增长;

5)供需平衡方面:我们的模型显示2021/2022年全球精铜出现16/24万吨缺口,高于2010/2011年15/10万吨缺口,供需缺口的相对扩大有望放大价格弹性。

此轮铜价仍有明确的上升动力(低库存下的短缺和高流动性下的通胀),预计此轮铜价将突破历史新高,乐观需求假设下有望达到12000美元/吨。

预计铜价在2021Q2/Q3突破目标价,且未来两年将维持高位

随着海外需求的显著恢复,我们预计2021Q2/Q3全球精铜将出现25/4万吨的缺口,驱动价格上行;叠加刺激政策落地时的流动性释放,我们预计铜价在2021Q2/2021Q3将加速上涨,突破12000美元/吨,季度均价高于9000美元/吨。后续伴随着新能源领域用铜驱动下的海内外需求共振、矿端供给增速逐年下降的基本面支撑,以及此轮流动性在2022年或仍维持较充裕的状态,我们预计2021Q4-2022Q4铜价将维持在8000美元/吨以上的区间。

风险因素

全球经济复苏不及预期;美联储货币政策变化;疫情的不确定性。

投资策略

低库存下的短缺和高流动性下的通胀成为驱动铜价上行的动力,我们预计未来一年铜价有望突破12000美元/吨,且此轮铜价的上涨存在着突破历史新高(支撑矿业公司估值向资源切换)和高位持续性强(成长性公司具备高盈利增长确定性)的特点。具备资源优势的成长性龙头更具投资价值,核心推荐紫金矿业(A/H)、洛阳钼业(A/H),关注西部矿业、江西铜业(A/H)、五矿资源(H)。

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