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雙節將至白酒股提前開啟春季攻勢
格隆匯 12-23 09:08

作者:玄鐵

來源:證券市場紅週刊

連續兩年引領A股的釀酒指數(880380)樣本股本月全線開花。今年屢現漲停股霸屏的酒股緣何這麼火爆?

本土偏好助推白酒股全面牛市

酒股之牛,牛在連漲兩年,稱霸A股。釀酒指數2020年飆升一倍,今年截至17日續拉85%,過去7年裏累計漲幅為10.8倍。如此驚人的漲勢,緣自估值體系的改變。在通達信56個二級行業中,釀酒指數權重已居第二,總市值逾5萬億元。如果算上食品飲料行業的2.6萬億元的市值,衣食住行中的“食”權重已超越市值為7.3萬億元的銀行指數。

再往細算,茅台和五糧液已佔釀酒行業權重68.2%,如果再加上洋河、瀘州老窖和汾酒合計的9053億元市值,合計佔行業權重為86.3%。五家公司動態平均PE為55倍,略高於釀酒行業的52倍,估值體系算是暫時擺脱均值引力,轉而向高成長型科技股看齊。目前,創業板和科創板平均PE分別是62倍和95倍。

茅台估值已遠離27倍的歷史平均PE的錨定陷阱。其最高估值為2007年的102倍,次年一度暴跌63.5%;最低估值為2014年塑化劑風波之後的8.83倍,此後展開了7年大漲逾13倍的輝煌歷程。有過深蹲後的磨鍊,或許跳得更高。今年6月2日,茅台盤中最高市值為17937億元,超越工行,成為A股第一大市值股票,由此突破了酒股估值天花板。對標蘋果來看,牛市裏機構超配效應明顯,如今估值為37倍,歷史上多在12倍至16倍區間運行。

從國際視野來看,白酒概念素有A股特產式溢價。何況今年白酒盈利受疫情干擾少,整體表現遠勝全球同業。數據顯示,國際酒業巨頭帝亞吉歐2020年年報收益縮水55%,股價年內跌幅為5.5%,16日收盤市值為930億美元,市盈率為52.7倍。

滯漲週期消費股最牛數白酒

機構增配權重股帶來的估值溢價,或是國際慣例,本土機構早已對接。

以動態PE來算,新能源電池龍頭寧德時代150倍、免税龍頭中國中免120倍、醬油龍頭海天味業106倍、面板龍頭京東方97倍、醫藥龍頭恆瑞88倍……這些“漂亮50”概念均為年內大牛股,其俯視6倍市盈率的銀行板塊的姿勢很囂張。抱團機構會不會遭遇上世紀70年代美股漂亮50式的泡沫破滅,有待時間驗證。

從本土行業巨頭們的比價效應,茅台盈利不算最貴,且穩定性和持續性更為確定。這或是機構抱團茅台的倚仗。

本輪酒股大漲,除了本土偏好溢價和自主定價能力強外,還有三個因素,一是經濟滯脹週期中最牛是消費,消費最牛看白酒。目前,全球疫情衝擊未減,內循環消費概念仍是市場配置重頭。二是在年內最牛三大權重板塊中,網絡科技巨頭遭遇監管新政,醫藥行業面臨集採降價壓力和疫情後期需求減弱風險,只有消費股尤其是酒股被嚴監管風險較低,且有非財政補貼式盈利的穩定性和持續性。三是全球房價股價同步上漲的投資品週期漸至高潮,高檔酒的金融屬性和炫耀式社交屬性被放大,定價趨向泡沫化,中低檔酒漲價空間變大。

“雙節”將至酒股春季攻勢提前上演

當下,酒股炒作進入泡沫期,瘋狂度類似1999至2000年的網絡泡沫,沾酒就漲的題材炒作火爆捲土重來。

今年酒股輪漲現象猶如投機萬花筒,所謂價值投資股“茅五瀘”領漲從3月下旬至7月中旬的第一波,10月份金徽酒掀起二三線酒股炒作潮,11月初迎駕貢酒成新龍頭。11月23日,涉酒重組概念大豪科技復牌,至12月17日連拉9個漲停板,這竟然不是最高潮。暫停上市股皇台酒業16日恢復上市,當日大漲315%,次日繼續漲停,年內漲幅為356%。

無論是炒作深度還是平均漲幅,酒股演繹了超級牛市的行業特徵。在釀酒指數中,三級行業白酒、啤酒和紅黃酒指數年內漲幅分別是84.8%、88.5%和89%。酒股漲的不僅是囤酒升值概念,更有沾酒就漲的贏家敢於押注的賭場效應發酵。

“瘋牛”已至,有人套現離場。青島啤酒近期被股東復星國際減持3100萬股H股,而青啤A股較H股還要貴47.6%。亦有堅定唱多者如中金公司認為,白酒估值體系已從週期屬性向高端消費轉變,看漲明年部分龍頭股估值上漲20%~25%左右。

國家統計局公佈的數據顯示,前11個月來看,煙酒類和飲料類零售額增速分別達3.5%和13.7%。元旦春節雙節將至,壓抑已久的居民消費意願會否井噴?這或許是消費股提前引領春季攻勢的主因。  

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