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外貿形勢向好延續,機電產品單月出口破萬億
格隆匯 12-08 13:54

12月7日,海關統計國內外貿進出口數據最新出爐。數據顯示,2020年前11個月,我國外貿進出口總值29.04萬億元,同比增長1.8%。11月份當月,我國進出口總值3.09萬億元,同比增長7.8%,其中出口1.8萬億元,同比增長14.9%;進口1.29萬億元,同比下降0.8%。

值得一提的是,我國進出口值連續6個月單月實現正增長,累計總值也已連續3個月維持正增長。

我國外貿形勢向好延續,出口保持強勢,得益於疫情下的“替代效應”。

一方面,海外疫情二次爆發,歐美等主要製造國產能受限。截至8日6時,全球累計確診新冠肺炎病例高達6786萬例,與前一日相比,全球單日新增確診病例達521959例。其中美國單日新增確診超過15萬例,巴西、俄羅斯單日新增確診病例逾2萬例,英國則超1.4萬例。隨着境外疫情的再度爆發,部分國家工廠被迫停產,生產鏈出現斷裂,而國內在疫情防控得力的背景下,對海外需求缺口起到“補位”作用。

另一方面,疫情之下,全球經濟復甦帶動需求開始好轉,疊加聖誕節來臨,外需對我國出口支撐加大。11月份摩根大通全球綜合PMI、全球製造業PMI指數分別為53.1%、53.7%,分別較上月變動-0.2、0.7個百分點,其中11月份美國和歐元區製造業PMI指數分別為57.5%和53.8%,已連續五個月位於擴張區間。

從出口重點商品名單來看,得益於海外疫情的二次爆發,本已持續回落的防疫相關物資出口再度反彈,11月包括口罩在內的紡織品由 796.3億元上升至808.2億元,而醫療器械則由95.4億元上升至 109.7億元。

值得注意的是,11月機電產品出口值打破了從7月份以來維持在超9000億元的狀態,單月環比增加超1300億元,突破1萬億大關。

11月機電產品出口金額達11162.9億元,較上月提高11.97個百分點,佔我國出口比重約六成。1-11月機電產品累計出口95668.9億元,同比增長5.4%。機電產品出口增速的大幅提升,正接力防疫物資成為拉動我國外貿增長的主要動力。

(來源:Datayes)

事實上,美國作為中國機電產品主要出口國之一,中美貿易摩擦對於機電產品出口有着一定影響。2018年11月至2020年8月,美國自中國機電產品進口連續22個月同比下降,其中很重要的原因在於加徵關税的影響。2019年1-4月,美對中加徵關税的商品類別中大約60%是機電設備,直接導致中國對美國出口下降180億美元。

今年以來,受新冠疫情影響,一季度國內機電產品出口同比下降11.5%。隨着國內企業復工復產,機電產品月度出口同比逐步提高,自9月中國機電產品累計外貿值首次轉為正增長後,其中,疫情對生活方式的改變帶動筆記本電腦、家電出口增加,前三季度分別增長17.6%、17.3%。

第四季度是中國傳統的出口旺季,從全球主要經濟體制造業PMI來看,各國需求端恢復程度快於供給端,鑑於國外產能恢復尚需時日,中國的生產端有望繼續彌補全球因新冠肺炎疫情衝擊造成的供給缺口。

進口方面,11月份進口數量增速降低較多的商品主要在汽車和農產品,鋼材、原油等主要工業原材料進口增速均較上個月有所提高,表明國內工業生產需求仍保持較高水平。

(圖:11月主要商品進口數量增速環比變動%;來源:wind,財信研究院)

 

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