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全部客户漲價10%,額外產能再加價20%!行業景氣將貫穿2021年
格隆匯 11-04 21:03

來源:脱水研報

聯電預計明年1月會繼續調高8寸晶圓的報價10%,且針對後續額外產能再度加價20%。這瘋狂的漲價還將持續多久?

其實早在8月,下游客户對8寸晶圓的排隊爭奪戰已經開始,這火爆的需求已經推動代工價格上調10~20%,甚至在8月交接之際,居然就罕見的開始商議明年的產能安排。

1、報價輪番上調,究竟發生了什麼?

1)廠商滿載運行,產能持續緊張

今年受疫情影響,不少企業停工停產時間較長,長假背後是晶圓產能往後推延了2-3個月。儘管廠商如華潤微,華虹半導體等都表示復產後8英寸產線都滿載運行,整體產能利用率在90%以上,但仍然滿足不了鋪天蓋地的訂單。

2)需求持續攀升,產品供不應求

兩大因素推動需求增加:

1)疫情使得全球在家辦公在線教育增多,使得筆記本電腦、平板類產品需求增長,從而拉動驅動IC及其他半導體產品需求增長。

2)華為禁令效應起到了催化劑的作用,由於在禁令正式生效之前,華為大量下單各種芯片,進一步加劇了產能與需求之間的不平衡。

2、漲價熱潮能否持續?

1)供給端:產能擴張有限,難以滿足需求

1)由於8寸晶圓廠數量和產線不斷下滑,部分設備大廠已不再生產8寸晶圓所需的相關設備,而二手設備又極其有限,市場上8英寸設備現在一機難求,這將使得未來產能擴張十分緩慢。

2)各晶圓廠雖然有擴產動作,但是需求增速遠高於產能擴充速度。國內最大的功率MOS供應商華潤8寸線今年產能從47000片擴至51000片,產能增速8.5%,但國內功率MOS市場增速約為15%。

2)需求端:綁定核心行業,趨勢持續向好

1)受益於5G、AIoT、智能汽車等快速發展,使得MCU、電源管理IC、MOSFET、傳感器等需求急劇加大,而這些產品大多采用成熟工藝,超過70%的芯片是在不大於8英寸的晶圓上製造的。預計電源管理IC未來市場規模CAGR約為12.35%,圖像傳感器約為8.70%

2)在中美關係不確定性加大以及國內政策加碼的背景下,芯片國產化替代熱潮興起,國內設計企業數量快速增加,使得從整機廠開始到模組再到芯片,從下游一直傳導到上游要求大量供貨,同時由於擔心備貨不足,終端廠商對庫存也明顯加大,這都形成了巨大的代工需求。

3、功率半導體行情格局如何?

1)應用範圍廣泛

功率半導體的下游涉及方方面面,包括風能、光伏、新能源汽車、家電等等都需要用到。其中,汽車需求佔比27%,是最大的,其次是消費電子23%、工業電源19%。

全球功率半導體的市場規模約420億美元,中國的市場規模約150億美元。

2)海外龍頭市佔率高,國產份額加緊突破

功率半導體市場主要被英飛凌、意法半導體等國外大廠佔領,但是國內企業的份額正在加緊突破。背後的邏輯如下:

①功率半導體不參與先進製程經濟,門檻較低,產能拓展容易。並且我國相關的產業鏈比較成熟。

②國內外技術差距不大,相對容易追趕。

③十四五國務院印發《若干政策》,全面支持國產半導體行業發展。

④國內公司除了在消費類、LED照明、光伏等領域替代的速度較快,家電領域在2019年迎來快速拐點,捷捷微電、華潤微、士蘭微等國產公司已經有產品在家電領域批量出貨。

⑤新能源汽車市場也有望依託蔚來、小鵬汽車等等廠商的崛起而快速切入車載領域。

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