車企中考:頭部公司研發縮水,北汽藍谷毛利率跌入負值
來源:新浪財經
行業下行和新冠疫情的雙重影響,上半年國內汽車銷售進入寒冬。據中國汽車工業協會的統計,2020年1-6月,汽車市場累計產銷分別為1011.2萬輛和1025.7萬輛,同比分別下降16.8%和16.9%,仍處於明顯下滑的態勢。
跟居民日常消費相關度較高的乘用車銷量跌幅更為顯著。今年1-6月,國內乘用車累計銷售787.3萬輛,同比下滑22.4%,乘用車領域面臨着更大的壓力。
總體虧損加大北汽藍谷毛利率為負
受行業下行期疊加疫情影響,在統計的9家A股和港股主要上市乘用車企中,除長安汽車營業收入同比略有增長外,其餘各家均出現不同程度下滑。其中,以新能源汽車銷售為主的北汽藍谷營收下滑最大,降幅達70%。
利潤方面,長安汽車淨利同比增長216%,同樣位列各家乘用車企第一。不過,在長安汽車取得的利潤中,有超過50億元源於剝離虧損資產和寧德時代股票升值的非經常性收益,而並非來自汽車銷售。
而營收和銷量大幅下滑的北汽藍谷,利潤方面滑坡更為嚴重。上半年,北汽藍谷淨利潤同比降幅高達5853%。

上半年各車企營收和利潤同比
盈利能力方面,受大環境影響,多數企業毛利率出現下滑。值得注意的是,虧損嚴重的北汽藍谷毛利率竟然出現了負值,從去年同期的9.47%驟降至-3.64%,實屬罕見。

上半年各車企毛利率
資本開支全面下滑北汽藍谷居首
頭部車企研發投入縮水
行業遭遇最難的半年,各家公司也紛紛收縮投資力度。
數據顯示,今年上半年9家乘用車企全部減少資本性支出。其中,北汽藍谷的資本開支縮減幅度最高,達到85%,江淮汽車緊隨其後,達到78%,多數公司降幅也都超過了去年同期的一半。

上半年各車企資本開支
隨着行業進入存量時代,車企之間競爭進一步加劇,特別是新能源汽車浪潮的興起,各家車企正逐步增加研發投入,提升產品競爭力。然而,面對突如其來的疫情衝擊,有些企業不得不開始縮減研發投入。
數據顯示,上半年,長安汽車、北汽藍谷、小康股份、長城汽車和吉利汽車的研發支出同比仍在增加;而比亞迪、上汽集團、江淮汽車和廣汽集團的研發則開始減少。
其中,廣汽集團研發支出由7.43億元降至3.92億元,縮減近半,為9家乘用車企降幅最高,比亞迪和江淮汽車研發減少2成,上汽集團減少約3%。

上半年各車企研發支出
上汽、比亞迪、廣汽等頭部車企,不約而同縮減研發支出,凸顯了業內各家企業在疫情之下艱難的生存環境。
今年前7個月,國內乘用車產銷948.3萬輛和953.3萬輛,降幅比1-6月收窄4.7個百分點和4.0個百分點,但同比降幅依然達17.8%和18.4%,行業的困難局面仍在持續。
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