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20年4季度中国经济与资本市场展望:经济复苏,精彩不同
格隆汇 09-03 15:20

机构:海通证券

疫情影响持续减弱。新冠死亡率大降。虽然目前新冠疫情并没有结束,全球感染人数还在持续增加,但从死亡率的角度来观察,其影响正在逐渐减弱。以美国为例,无论是感染新冠的住院人数还是使用 ICU 和呼吸机的人数都比4 月峰值明显下降,反映人类应对新冠病毒水平的提升,最终体现为新冠病毒致死率的下降,目前全球和美国的新冠病毒致死率均已降至 3%左右。中国疫情率先可控。中国疫情的顶峰发生在 2 月份,在 3 月份以后疫情就开始持续改善。之后虽然北京、辽宁和新疆等地陆续出现过小规模的疫情爆发,但是都很快就得到了有效控制,这也意味着疫情对中国的影响持续大幅减弱。

全球复苏外需改善。人口流动性逐渐恢复。谷歌人口流动性报告显示,美日德等国流动性冻结最严重的时期是今年的 4、5 月份,对应了新冠死亡率的高峰,以及经济的谷底。随后从 5 月份开始,各国人口流动性出现了明显改善。全球 PMI 回升。随着人口的重新出行,各国制造业和服务业 PMI 开始重新扩张。到 7、8 月份,美欧的制造业 PMI 指数均回升到了 50 以上的扩张区间。预计美国强劲复苏。美国的就业也开始改善,加上史无前例的财政和货币刺激,消费信心指数已经止跌回升,美国 7 月的零售增速已经由负转正,预示美国 3 季度经济或将强劲复苏。而中韩德等国的出口增速近期明显回升,从侧面印证了全球经济复苏。

中国经济率先复苏。从 3 月份开始,从市内交通到铁路民航等远途出行先后开始恢复,中国经济开始复苏。网上经济保持高增。从需求来看,表现最好的是网上经济,移动用户和使用时长继续增长,网上零售和快递的高增也几乎不受疫情的影响。在线下经济领域,最早复苏的是食品日用品等必需消费,但随后可选消费也开始复苏,7 月的地产销售额增速达到 16.6%,乘用车销售增速也接近 8%。此外,3 月份以来发电量增速的回升和失业率的下降也从生产端印证了工业和服务业经济的改善。地产周期未完。从长期来看,中国的城市化没有结束,户籍放开将加快都市圈发展,这意味着地产周期并未结束,因而货币回升依然可以带动房地产销售和相关产业。货币支撑经济复苏。从短期来看,剩余 5 个月的政府融资有望大幅增加,贷款利率下降有望支撑居民房贷,而库存周期的重启将支撑企业中长期贷款,社融增速的回升有望支撑经济复苏持续到 21 年上半年。综合来看,未来全球和中国经济均有望迎来后疫情时代的复苏周期。

货币超发泡沫变化。泡沫重来,远离现金。为了应对疫情,主要发达国家使用了巨额的货币和财政刺激,导致货币增速激增。历史经验显示,在纸币时代货币超发是长期现象,股票和房产是长期表现最好的两类资产,而要尽量远离现金。联储放水到底,美股最大泡沫。美联储更改了其政策框架,暗示未来将忽视通胀,不达到充分就业不罢休,意味着其将会把放水进行到底,而不会轻易加息,美股或正酝酿史上最大泡沫,而同属美元资产的港股或从中受益。中国经济复苏,加息不会缺席。随着新一轮加杠杆周期的启动,社融增速回升带动中国经济进入新一轮复苏周期,相应中国的利率也将进入上行周期,未来加息或会迟到,但不会缺席,这意味着人民币资产仍将面临巨大波动。加杠杆股牛债熊,利好周期蓝筹。随着利率步入上行周期,中国的股票牛市已经取代了债券牛市。在股市内部,靠利率下降提升估值的水牛行情已经结束,部分高估值的成长股或将承压;但随着经济复苏,周期行业盈利将确定性改善,低估值的价值蓝筹股将有望引领股市业绩牛。

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