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標普:鐵路行業向好 料中國中車(1766.HK)有足夠財務緩衝空間
格隆匯 09-01 17:47

標普發表報告指,中車(1766.HK)擁有領先的市場地位和穩健的資產負債表,因此能夠承受在因新冠疫情而充滿挑戰的營運環境下利潤的略微下滑。

內地今年鐵路運輸量的急劇下降導致對鐵路車輛的需求減少。上半年中國中車的收入同比下滑7%,與報告全年下滑3%至8%的預期一致。交付給各地方地鐵公司的城軌車輛收入增長19%,以及因搶裝促使風電相關的銷售猛增,這部分抵消了中國國家鐵路集團的採購量顯著下降的影響。由於管理成本和撥備的減少,有助於緩解產品組合變動的不利影響和研發的持續支出,上半年該公司經調整EBITDA利潤率大體保持了穩定。

當前一批動車組的投標推遲或令下半年的收入承壓。因此,報告預計中車的利潤在2021年開始復甦前將持續略微下滑。

*內地鐵路行業基本面中期應持續向好*

在政府推動新基礎設施建設的背景下,今年中國維持約8000億元(人民幣,下同)的高額鐵路固定資產投資。行業需求的可視性上升,且中國中車作為鐵路設備領域的龍頭企業將從中受益。

未來幾年內中國中車海外業務的不利因素增加,但潛在影響應在可控範圍內。主要歸因於疫情導致交付延遲,上半年其海外收入下滑逾30%。儘管截至2019年底其海外業務未完成訂單量約為880億元,為2019年出口收入的逾4倍,但全球疫情的不確定性、地緣政治和貿易爭端不斷加劇,都令其海外運營蒙上陰影。

然而,鑑於海外銷售在中國中車年收入中的佔比低於10%,該公司應大體能夠吸收海外市場的潛在影響。具體而言,基於目前的交付計劃,未來2至3年美國市場的地鐵車輛訂單在中國中車年收入中的佔比將低於2%。因此,若美國市場受限,其對中國中車整體業務的影響或將極小。

*中國中車的接近淨現金狀況提供足夠的財務緩衝空間*

國鐵集團的支付回款集中在第四季度,這導致應收帳款季節性增長。因此,2020年上半年中國中車的經營性現金流出為148億元,同比增長10%。

儘管今年緩解供應鏈受疫情影響的措施可能負面影響中國中車的現金流,但報告仍認為該公司的自由現金流將保持為正,而2018至2019年的平均值為約100億元。預測2020年及之後該公司仍能保持接近淨現金狀況。

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