【浙商宏观】PMI再提示出口超预期
作者:浙商宏观李超团队
来源: 李超宏观研究与资产配置
核心观点
8月中采制造业PMI指数录得51.0%,较前值微降0.1个百分点,景气度保持在较高水平。其中,新出口订单指数上行0.7个百分点至49.1%,国内大循环的良性表现使我国建立了全球领先的供给能力优势,出口订单进一步改善,提示出口可能持续超预期。
订单指数持续改善,需求逐步企稳向好
8月新订单指数上行0.3个百分点至52.0%,其中新出口订单指数上行0.7个百分点至49.1%,出口订单进一步改善,提示出口有可能持续超预期。5月以来PMI新订单指数连续回升,需求逐步企稳向好。内需方面,地产投资增速率先转正之后,随着极端天气影响弱化、财政支出速率提升,基建投资有望接棒地产继续支撑内需向上改善。外需方面,海外国家在疫情尚未有效控制的情形下开启复工,“大水漫灌”的逆周期政策使得需求相对稳定,而生产能力修复相对较慢,国内大循环的良性表现使我国建立了全球领先的供给能力优势,出口订单持续改善。
发电耗煤再迎高峰,生产指数维持高位
8月生产指数下降0.5个百分点至53.5%,连续6个月维持在53%之上的水平。据中国煤炭网数据,截至8月23日全国重点电厂日均耗煤环比7月上升11.9%,发改委披露8月份全国日发电量和统调用电负荷连创新高,工业生产热情较高。高炉开工率环比7月小幅上行,汽车全钢胎和半钢胎开工率延续上行趋势,产能利用率水平均高于去年同期。5月工业企业利润当月同比转正,6、7月分别达到11.5%、19.6%,工业生产良好增长势头有望延续。
价格指数连续回升,库存去化盘整蓄力
8月主要原材料购进价格指数上升0.2个百分点至58.3%,出厂价格指数上升1个百分点至53.2%。高频数据显示,8月原油、铁矿石、有色金属延续上涨态势,5月以来的价格修复已经逐渐反映在中下游工业品价格当中,8月PPI有望继续向上改善。库存方面,原材料库存指数下行0.6个百分点至47.3%,产成品库存下降0.5个百分点至47.1%,库存目前仍处于去化阶段。我们认为,在需求持续修复的情况下,历经了积压库存去化和盘整蓄力阶段后,库存周期有望在 Q4 进入主动补库。
就业优先政策发力,失业压力有所缓和
8月制造业从业人员指数小幅上升0.1个百分点至49.4%,非制造业从业人员指数上行0.2个百分点至48.3%,服务业就业情况显著改善,在鼓励大学生灵活就业、促进农民工就近就业、放开“地摊经济”等就业优先政策的助力下,失业压力有所缓和。未来就业情况有望持续改善,一方面,经济持续复苏带动企业盈利修复,用工需求正逐步恢复;另一方面,线下服务业正在快速修复,例如电影院恢复营业后一个月内复工率已超过80%,服务业吸纳就业的能力将进一步得到体现。
大小企业表现不一,分化修复特征仍存
经济延续确定性复苏进程,但复苏进程中的分化特征仍存,大型企业PMI指数表现持续优于小型企业,8月大型企业PMI为52.0%,与上月持平,而小型企业PMI下行0.9个百分点至47.7%。分化修复的特征有两点启示:其一,龙头企业韧性更强,有望受益于市场集中度的进一步提升,如餐饮、服装行业;其二,保居民就业、保市场主体仍是政府工作的重中之重,财政政策将持续发挥作用,货币政策也将保持稳健略宽松的基调,政策是否真正转向建议密切关注10月底政治局会议的相关表述。
风险提示
中美摩擦强度超预期;新冠病毒变异导致疫情二次爆发





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