海底撈(06862.HK):從單店模型與開店空間再看成長潛力,給予“優大於市”評級
機構:海通證券
評級:優大於市
投資要點:
靚麗的業績與市場表現。海底撈是全球領先、快速增長、主打火鍋的中餐品牌,我們於2018年12月發佈報告《厚積薄發,火鍋龍頭進入發展快車道》,2019年收入和歸母淨利各增56%、42%,2015-18收入和歸母淨利CAGR各43%、82%(剔除收購少數股東權益cagr為59%)。上市至2019年底市值累計漲76%至1659億港幣,顯著跑贏恆指(漲1%);2020年以來即便受新冠肺炎疫情影響仍漲11.5%,優於市場(跌15.5%)。當前時點,我們基於海底撈近2年的開店與運營表現,重新回顧公司增長潛力。
高運營效率基礎下,拓店持續超預期;同時店齡結構變化有望驅動高增長。(1)1994年首店開業,2014年門店數突破100家,至2019年底增至768家。餐飲市場中火鍋佔比14%位居第一,有廣闊的連鎖擴張空間。公司通過“連住利益鎖住管理”的理念保證人才供給,同時強品牌力保障物業獲取能力,在購物中心繁榮發展並零售餐飲化的趨勢下(預計2023年將超過7000家),進入其中1/2對應空間3000家以上。(2)店齡結構變化有望驅動高增長。測算2018年同店、次新店、新店單店收入各5590/4518/1459萬元,餐廳層面經營利潤各1565/1014/0萬元,對應利潤率各28%、22.4%、0%。由於海底撈加速開店始於2018年(16-19年淨增店比例各21%、55%、71%、65%),而同店基本為2年期門店,因此2020年起海底撈同店數量將顯著增長且其在餐廳總規模中佔比提升(2016-22年間同店數量佔比各58%、46%、31%、30%、39%、57%、70%)並貢獻收入端高速增長及盈利能力提升。
管理理念獨特,重視技術打造現代而高效的新餐飲企業。(1)管理:扁平化的組織及師徒制將公司與門店、門店與門店、門店與員工之間利益鎖定,優化單店效率的同時保障優質的規模增長與創新。此外公司加強科技投入,我們認為通過智慧餐廳打造智慧服務、智慧運營、智慧生產,公司有望在信息化自動化、人工智能及食品科技領域持續突破。(2)我們測算2019年海底撈坪效約6.5萬元,遙遙領先;且高坪效攤薄固定成本,2019年海底撈、呷哺呷哺、九毛九租金折攤佔收入比各8%、18.1%、13.4%。同時,人力是成本更是資本。2019年海底撈員工成本率30.1%、員工平均工資7.8萬元/年,均顯著高於同行,但從人力投入產出看,海底撈人效25.8萬元、人效扣除工資後18.1萬元,均顯著領先。2019年公司ROE24%,位於行業領先水平。
盈利與估值。預計2020-22年歸母淨利各降26%、增170%、增30%,對應EPS各為0.33、0.88、1.15元/股;按2021年40-50倍PE及20-25倍EV/EBITDA,計算合理價值區間47.1-48.2港元/股;同時採用DCF估值方法測算EV2546億元,計算股權價值2567億元,對應每股價值為52.9港元。綜合以上計算合理價值區間47.1-48.2港元/股,給予“優於大市”評級。
風險提示。餐廳拓展不及預期、疫情影響超預期、食品安全風險。

Follow us
Find us on
Facebook,
Twitter ,
Instagram, and
YouTube or frequent updates on all things investing.Have a financial topic you would like to discuss? Head over to the
uSMART Community to share your thoughts and insights about the market! Click the picture below to download and explore uSMART app!

Disclaimers
uSmart Securities Limited (“uSmart”) is based on its internal research and public third party information in preparation of this article. Although uSmart uses its best endeavours to ensure the content of this article is accurate, uSmart does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of the information of this article and is not responsible for any views/opinions/comments in this article. Opinions, forecasts and estimations reflect uSmart’s assessment as of the date of this article and are subject to change. uSmart has no obligation to notify you or anyone of any such changes. You must make independent analysis and judgment on any matters involved in this article. uSmart and any directors, officers, employees or agents of uSmart will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person in reliance on any representation or omission in the content of this article. The content of the article is for reference only and does not constitute any offer, solicitation, recommendation, opinion or guarantee of any securities, virtual assets, financial products or instruments. Regulatory authorities may restrict the trading of virtual asset-related ETFs to only investors who meet specified requirements. Any calculations or images in the article are for illustrative purposes only.
Investment involves risks and the value and income from securities may rise or fall. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Please carefully consider your personal risk tolerance, and consult independent professional advice if necessary.