浙商證券:航空板塊估值已經位於歷史底部 性價比較高
來源:浙商證券
航空估值已接近歷史底部
A 股和 H 股航司當前估值水平,均已接近上市以來的最低位,且 H 股航司當前 PB 值均已跌至歷史最低位以下。A 股:國航、東航、南航當前 PB 分別為1.1 倍、1.0 倍、1.0 倍,PB 最低值區間約為 0.7 倍-0.9 倍。國航、東航、南航當前 EV/EBITDA 分別為 6.1 倍、7.0 倍、7.4 倍,EV/EBITDA 最低值區間約為 6.4 倍-7.1 倍。H 股:國航、東航、南航、國泰航空當前 PB 分別為 0.8倍、0.7 倍、0.7 倍、0.6 倍,PB 最低值區間約為 0.7 倍-0.9 倍。國航、東航、南航、國泰航空當前 EV/EBITDA 分別為 6.1 倍、7.0 倍、7.4 倍、6.8 倍,EV/EBITDA 最低值區間約為 5.0 倍-7.1 倍。
需求和匯率雙重打擊殺估值
需求增速放緩和人民幣兑美元貶值,是此輪航空股下跌的主要原因。2019 年全年,民航整體 RPK 和 ASK 同比增速分別為 9.4%和 9.3%,相比 2018 年全年,均下降 3pts。自 2020 年 1 月起,新冠疫情的國內爆發和海外蔓延,亦對航空出行需求造成嚴重衝擊。2020 年 2 月,民航整體 ASK 和RPK 同比增速分別為-71.0%和-83.1%,客座率 50.3%,同比下降 35.8pts.2019 年 3 月至 12 月,人民幣兑美元貶值 4.2%。自 2019 年 1 月 1 日,三大航執行新租賃準則,帶息美元負債金額增加,業績對匯率波動敏感性提升。因此,人民幣匯率貶值對航空公司業績帶來壓力。
供需關係和油價匯率是關鍵
2000 年至今,航空股經歷了三輪大牛市,分別為 2006-2007 年,2009-2010年,2014-2015 年。上述三段時間,航空(中信)指數的漲幅分別為 753.2%、193.6%、245.0%,是同期上證指數漲幅的 3.1 倍、3.2 倍、2.6 倍。2006-2007年,中國加入 WTO 之後的貿易增長和匯率升值是主因。2009-2010 年,金融危機後運力投放增速放緩疊加“四萬億”投資拉動下需求增長,供需優化是主因。2014-2015 年,油價下跌加上國際線需求超預期增長是主因。
供給或有實質性收縮,油價和估值已在底部,性價比較高
航空供給或有實質性收縮,運力增速有望隨着飛機引進進度延遲、未來資本性支出減少和 B737Max 復飛時間不確定而放緩。需求端,隨着國內疫情的控制和海外疫情的逐漸見頂,全國範圍高校陸續開學,以及北京市即將下調疫情應急響應級別,居民出行需求有望自 5 月開始恢復。
當前油價已創歷史新低,航空板塊估值已經位於歷史底部,性價比較高。建議重點關注以下標的:中國國航、南方航空、東方航空、春秋航空、華夏航空、吉祥航空。
核心風險
航油成本增長超預期,人民幣兑美元貶值超預期,國內和海外疫情改善進度不及預期。
温馨提示:以上資訊不代表投資建議,股市有風險,投資需謹慎。
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