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李达志:金融账户录得资金流出不代表「走资」
阿思达克 12-21 11:17

金管局副总裁李达志於《汇思》撰文指,近几个月香港的资金流动一直是比较热门的话题,不时出现一些相关分析或评论,引用各种不同的跨境资金流动数据,试图寻找资金是否有外流的迹象。他指金融体系庞大和复杂,令人很难单从某一个角度就可以完全了解,而很多统计数字背後又涉及一些经济学的定义,需要小心解读。

昨日今天政府统计处发布了2019年第三季香港国际收支平衡的初步统计数字,李达志指,国际收支平衡是一项统计报表,有系统地撮录在一个指定期间内(一般是一年或一季)某经济体与世界各地之间进行的经济交易。统计报表把这些交易分为经常账户和资本及金融账户。经常账户量度关於货物、服务等的资金流量。金融账户记录关於金融资产及负债的交易,而资本账户量度有关资本转移及非金融资产等的交易。简单来说,国际收支平衡报表就是把某个经济体内的居民与其他地方的居民之间进行的贸易、金融、服务等等各类经济活动的交易来做一个统计。一个必须要强调的重点是国际收支平衡帐并不是以地域作量度,一些不涉及跨境资金流动的交易,也可能会在帐目上出现。

根据政府统计处发布的数据,2019年第三季香港的经常账户录得744亿港元盈余,这反映香港继续储蓄多於投资,而香港过去一直将这些储蓄,转化为对外金融资产,例如股本证券或债务证券,以赚取收益。第三季属非储备性质的金融资产录得1,635亿港元的整体净流出,当中主要反映在证券投资的900亿港元净流出,以及其他投资的750亿港元净流出。

其他投资净流出部分其实反映了外汇基金於季内的资金调拨安排,令外汇基金在放於本地银行的外币存款增加,此调拨提升了银行所持有的外地资产,因此会被记录为其他投资的流出。另外,证券投资的900亿港元净流出,与2018年每季度平均1,541亿港元和2019年第一季2,229亿港元比较,幅度并非特别高,这反映了香港居民一向有购买外地股票及债券。

李达志并表示,国际收支平衡报表统计的资金进出,与香港银行体系的存款水平没有必然关系。一些日常经济活动,即使不牵涉香港银行体系的存款变动,仍可录得金融账户资金流入或流出。举例来说,本地出口商把货品出口到美国,并利用美国银行户口收取付款,便会令经常账户录得流入,金融账户内的其他投资则录得资金流出。日後若这个出口商利用美国银行存款购买美国证券,该交易亦不会令香港银行体系的存款有任何变动,但金融账户录得的流出会由其他投资部分转换到证券投资部分。这些活动都不牵涉香港银行体系的存款变动,也不代表一般人心目中所谓的「走资」。

他表示,明白近期市民对资金流向的关注度很高,但是很多统计数据并不容易理解,将尝试多用一些尽量浅白的语言协助大家分析。

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