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康师傅方便面半年卖115亿饮料业务成拖累
格隆汇 08-27 10:33

一、事件

康师傅控股(0322.HK)发布了截至2019年6月30日的中期业绩。今年上半年,康师傅的营收304.95亿元,同比减少1.62%;公司股东应占溢利15.03亿元,同比增长15.05%。

二、点评

营收出现2017年上半年以来首次负增长。竞争对手统一企业中国(0220.HK),2019H1营收为114.69亿元,同比增长2.2%;净利润为9.97亿元,同比增长39.6%。

虽然康师傅的营收规模是统一的近3倍,但营收增速、净利润增速却被统一甩开了。

两者的产品营收结构相近,方便面和饮料业务都接近4:62019年H1,康师傅的方便面和饮料业务业务分别占比37.85%和60.23%。统一的方便面和饮料业务分别占比37.2%和59.25%。

一直以来,大家都认为方便面会逐渐衰落,高铁、外卖、各种点餐的手机应用都是扼杀它的凶手。康师傅的方便面业务确实出现过增长疲软的迹象,比如,去年11月公布的季报,方便面业务仅微弱增长0.66%。加上其他业务都为负增长,股价大幅下挫。但从这次中报来看,方便面业务增长情况好转。

2019年上半年,康师傅方便面业务营收为115.44亿元,同比增长3.68%,净利润同比上升31.24%至8.75亿元。同样,统一的方便面业务销量也好于饮料。受一定季节因素影响,方便面在1H是传统旺季,饮料是淡季。

各业务营收增速比较,统一的方便面业务同比增长2.8%,弱于康师傅。饮料业务同比增长0.6%,优于康师傅。

方便面目前竞争格局稳定,CR4稳定在75~80%之间,康师傅的市场占有率在4成以上。方便面业务都出现较好的增长,主要原因有两点:

首先,在特定场景下方便面依然有市场。相比较高铁盒饭、汽车站的快餐,一桶方便面仅需5元,而且更方便、卫生。再且相比外面的手抓饼等小吃随便10~15元一个,粉和面随便10~20元,方便面似乎已经是良心价。

其次,产品升级后,销量最好的容器面和高价袋面都获得了不同幅度的增长。康师傅采用的是多价格带策略,以巩固高价、高端市场为核心,通过加大广告投入、持续IP合作创造多元消费场景,从而推升了这块业务的营收和毛利率。

统一同样受益于高价方便面,尤其是“汤达人”在上半年获得了双位数增长。

而饮品市场竞争较大,该业务衰退4.08%,拖累了整体业绩。

分品类看,茶类销量占比最大,销售额同比下降6.82%,水类占比最小,同比下滑了34.79%。康师傅还经营有拥有百事、星巴克、佳得乐、阿华田等稀缺优质的外部品牌,碳酸饮料及其他业务销售额同比增长近13%。

由于产品升级,加上部分原材料价格下降让毛利改善,使得饮品业务净利润增长了87.78%。

从整体业务来看,虽面粉、PET粒子等主要原材料价格仍处高位,但得益于纸箱、白糖、棕榈油价格下跌,公司持续优化产品组合,做产品升级,加上国家减税降费政策等因素影响,2019H1毛利率同比上升0.7%至31.93%。

对比统一,康师傅具有较强的渠道壁垒。目前,康师傅拥有 28,558 个经销商和 150,393个直营零售商,数量在快消品行业里最多。公司拥有完善的渠道管理机制和销售团队,渠道控制力较强,能够快速进行新品铺货。

公司的现金流长期以来也保持稳定,中报披露现金及银行存款为160.81亿元,较2018年增加了22.4亿元,称得上是现金牛。

近年来康师傅抛售重资产走起轻资产经营路线。2017年6月,公司就出售了旗下五家公司股权给漳州伊莱福食品。这5家生产企业主要生产和销售即饮茶、果汁饮料、碳酸饮料,同时也包括部分瓶装水产品。并跟朝日集团结束多年的股权合作关系。

处于成熟期的它更多是会不断稳固现有业务,未来扩张有限。长期以来,饮料市场竞争都十分激烈。而且现在,街头巷尾多了很多茶饮店,门店数量越开越多,资本也不断加码,新式茶饮(奈雪、喜茶)的崛起带来不少挑战。加上缺乏饮料产品创新,康师傅的饮料业务营收存在不确定性。方便面高端化战略为它带来一线生机,但能否长期抵御得了时代变化,还有待验证。

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