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2018年以來首次!緊跟香港金管局,匯豐上調最優惠貸款利率

上調最優惠貸款利率或邊際增加銀行成本、推升按揭貸款成本,不過對港股金融條件的邊際影響相對有限。

香港金管局上調75個基點後,匯豐銀行緊隨其後。

週四,中國香港金融管理局將基準利率(BR)上調了75個基點至3.5%,爲連續第五次上調利率。幾個小時後,匯豐宣佈將港元最優惠貸款利率(BLR)從5.0%上調至5.125%,新利率將於週五生效,爲2018年以來首次上調BLR。此外,其美元儲蓄利率從0.25%上調至0.50%。

據媒體報道稱,市場預計,匯豐加息後,其他香港本地銀行也會一同上調BLR。

星展中國香港財資市場部環球市場策略師李若凡對媒體表示,上調BLR對香港樓市可能會造成情緒影響。

上調最優惠貸款利率的影響

中金分析師劉剛、陳南、丁寇玥在其《中金:解析香港加息機制與市場影響》中表示,上調BLR,可能會邊際增加銀行成本、推升房地產按揭利率;但由於BLR上調滯後於已經走高的資金利率,因此對港股整體的金融條件的增量影響有限。具體來看:

1.上調BLR或邊際增加銀行成本:

BLR與香港銀行的成本端(存款利率)關聯較大,因此上調BLR可能邊際影響銀行淨息差。香港綜合利率(衡量銀行整體融資成本)與存款利率和BLR的相關性較高,也說明BLR上調可能意味着加息週期香港淨息差大幅上升的階段已經過去。從BLR-Hibor和銀行淨息差的相關性來看,當前上調BLR可能對香港銀行利潤率的影響偏負面。

2.推升按揭貸款成本或增加香港房地產市場壓力:

在Hibor上行背景下,香港中原地產價格指數(Centa-city Index)自2022年3月以來開始同比下滑,7月中小型住房價格指數同比下滑5.1%。若未來進一步上調BLR,可能將加大住房按揭貸款的付息壓力。歷史上,香港銀行上調BLR後房價往往面臨壓力。上輪加息週期銀行於2018年9月上調BLR 12.5個百分點後,香港地產價格於2019年2月累計下調約8.4%。

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3.對金融條件邊際影響相對有限:

由於BLR調整較爲滯後,因此在港股已經計入金融條件收緊的情況下BLR的變動對港股金融條件的邊際影響相對有限。

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我們通過回溯方式測算上調BLR前後港股市場和板塊的超額收益變化,來捕捉這一事件的影響程度。具體測算中,我們基於CAPM模型,測算2004年以來9次BLR上調前後港股(恆生綜指)相對MSCI全球的超額收益變化。

結果顯示,港股市場在上調BLR前後並沒有出現顯著的收益變化。上調BLR的5周內,港股較上調前的累計超額收益僅爲0.92%,且顯著性較低。

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相比之下,金融板塊(恆生金融指數)在BLR上調前數週便開始轉弱,上調後第4周累計超額收益爲-1.72%;地產板塊(恆生地產指數)在上調BLR後小幅走弱,但上調後第4周基本收復跌幅。由此可見,BLR上調對港股整體短期表現沒有顯著影響,但對金融和地產板塊影響較大,這也與我們上文中分析的結論基本一致。往前看,未來港股走勢更多取決於中國增長和盈利前景、以及美聯儲政策的預期變化。

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