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美國高通脹還能持續多久?機構:預計Q1築頂,加息節奏或不及預期

來源:高瑞東宏觀筆記

事件

美國12月CPI同比增7%, 前值6.8%,市場預期7.1%;CPI環比增0.5%,前值0.8%,市場預期0.4%;

核心CPI同比增5.5%, 前值4.9%,市場預期5.4%;核心CPI環比增0.6%,前值0.5%,市場預期0.5%。

分項看,家用食品環比升0.4%,同比升6.5%,主要受蔬菜和水果、乳製品、穀物類食品價格上漲影響。向前看,食品價格上行空間有限。

受供應鏈緊縮影響,12月新車價格延續上行走勢,環比升1.0%,同比升11.8%。二手車價格環比升3.5%,同比升37.3%。芯片短缺和供應鏈問題持續限制汽車產量,擡升價格。

但需要注意,汽車供需失衡已有趨好跡象。12月汽車產量環比超過銷量環比,並且,汽車銷量在2021年4月達到24.7萬輛之後,持續回落。向前看,汽車需求再次大幅上行的概率較低。

截至1月12日收盤,10年期美債收益率下行2bp;股指全線上揚,標普500指數漲0.3%,納斯達克指數漲0.2%,道瓊斯工業指數漲0.1%。

核心觀點:

美國12月CPI同比略不及預期,環比連續第二個月回落,住所項、新車、二手車和卡車爲主要貢獻項。供應鏈問題邊際好轉緩解通脹壓力,預計通脹將在2022年一季度築頂,並在之後趨於回落。

基於通脹不具備可持續性、長期通脹預期仍處在較合理水平、就業與經濟修復仍在進行,預計美聯儲加息節奏或將不及預期。

若後續通脹壓力趨緩,則加速加息預期落空,預計2022年美債收益率走勢呈前低後高。

通脹壓力趨緩,CPI環比持續回落。美國12月CPI同比略不及預期,環比連續第二個月回落,顯示通脹壓力趨緩。住所項、二手車和卡車、新車是主要貢獻項。因奧密克戎衝擊,能源價格環比由正轉負。

展望看,供應鏈緊縮問題逐步緩解,進一步改善供需失衡現象,並且,能源價格對CPI的支撐有限且不可持續。預計通脹將在2022年一季度進入築頂階段,不會導致美聯儲加速加息。

美聯儲加息節奏或不及預期。

我們認爲,美聯儲加息的節奏或將不及預期,原因有三。

  • 一是,美國通脹可持續性較差,通脹後期回落降低美聯儲加速加息壓力。

  • 二是,美國長期通脹預期仍處於較合理水平。

  • 三是,經濟修復和就業市場修復仍需時日,不構成美聯儲加速加息條件。

預計美債收益率走勢前低後高。若通脹壓力趨緩,則加速加息預期落空,預計2022年美債可能前低後高。

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