加息未完,對衝基金已經開始押注美聯儲明年降息了
來源:智通財經
近期美國股市的暴跌和美國債券市場的反彈似乎表明,市場愈發相信經濟衰退即將來臨,美聯儲的緊縮週期將比預期時間長度提前縮短,併爲明年晚些時候的降息打開了大門。
而根據美國商品期貨交易委員會最新的利率期貨倉位報告,對衝基金似乎也在押注這一點。
智通財經APP獲悉,截至5月17日當週數據顯示,投機者將其三個月擔保隔夜融資利率(SOFR)合約的淨空頭頭寸削減至近兩個月來的最低水平,並維持了30日聯邦基金期貨合約的淨多頭頭寸。
SOFR期貨倉位的變化最能說明問題,尤其是考慮到該市場正在形成的更廣泛趨勢,這是交易員對未來幾年美國利率走勢看法最準確的晴雨表之一。
具體可以看到,各基金將三個月SOFR淨空頭頭寸從上週的460,721份減至388,207份,這是七週來最少的淨空頭頭寸,遠遠低於一個月前逾60萬份合約的記錄。
這種轉變幾乎完全歸因於多頭倉位的大幅增加,而非空頭回補,這表明交易員開始將目光從今年可能實施的激進緊縮政策轉向明年可能出臺的寬鬆政策。
雖然此前多位美聯儲官員強調,他們將繼續收緊政策,直到他們認爲通脹目標已經實現,無論這是否會帶來經濟“痛苦”,但SOFR市場的交易員和基金正在把更多的雞蛋放在這一所謂“痛苦”的籃子裏。
明年開始降息
首先,明年的隱含利率已大幅下降。目前,2023年6月的合約意味着聯邦基金利率約爲3%,較5月4日美聯儲加息50個基點當天的高點下降了近0.5個百分點。
其次,美聯儲緊縮週期的預期長度已大幅縮短。幾個月前,交易員預計美聯儲的“終端利率”將於明年9月達到,但目前對於這一點的預計已經調整爲明年6月份,甚至明年3月份也在討論之中。
2023年12月SOFR期貨的隱含利率已降至2.80%,爲近兩個月來的最低水平。與6月份的終端利率預期高點相比,這意味着美聯儲明年下半年降息的可能性爲80%。
就連希望今年加息至3.5%的聖路易斯聯儲主席布拉德也曾表示,如果通脹得到控制,美聯儲最早可能會在明年降息。
儘管目前美聯儲官員和大多數經濟學家仍然認爲不會出現經濟衰退,但金融環境的迅速收緊確實已經帶來負面影響——美股陷入動盪,花旗公佈的美國經濟驚喜指數目前爲負值,處於五個月來的低點。
德意志銀行分析師上週五寫道:“我們繼續預計,美聯儲政策引發的金融環境緊縮可能會在2023年底前導致經濟衰退。”
同樣,富國銀行研究部門與德意志銀行持相同觀點,認爲美國經濟將出現衰退,但預計可能會更早(今年年底)出現這一情況。
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