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中信證券:積極推進合作談判,穩妥化解中概風險

美國《外國公司問責法案》出臺引發市場擔憂,但中概短期集中迴歸並不現實,面臨流動性折價、集中拋售、市場偏好、政策風險等四重壓力。預計對無重大信息安全隱患的企業開展跨境審計監管或是中方權宜之計,而有重大信息安全隱患的企業可能將加速回歸。該情形下測算中概迴歸年均新增募資需求佔比港股IPO總額16%,流動性衝擊可控。但中概迴歸仍是長期大勢所趨,港股通和A股上市門檻等配套制度改革或是後續政策發力點。HFCAA收緊中概股跨境審計監管要求,中概前路未卜引發擔憂。

2021年12月2日,SEC公佈《外國公司問責法案》實施細則,要求外國上市公司向PCAOB提供審計底稿等涉及敏感信息的資料,與中國多項法規相悖。預計首批被識別公司最早或於2024年被禁止交易。市場悲觀情緒引發中概市值大幅縮水、赴美IPO銳減。

▍3月金融委會議傳達出要妥善化解中概風險的積極信號,中美合作有望取得積極進展,對無重大信息安全隱患的企業開展跨境審計監管或是中方權宜之計。

我們測算,全部中概股迴歸需新增募資2033億港幣,而港股市場年均IPO總額不到3000億港幣,短期集中迴歸並不現實。2022年3月16日,劉鶴副總理在金融委會議上明確表示,目前中美雙方監管機構保持了良好溝通,已取得積極進展,正在致力於形成具體合作方案,中國政府繼續支持各類企業到境外上市。根據四大安全法等數據監管法規,我們對中概股涉及的信息安全敏感性進行分類。預計對無重大信息安全隱患的企業開展跨境審計監管或是中方權宜之計,而有重大信息安全隱患的企業可能將加速回歸。

▍若中美談判取得上述積極進展,預計對港股流動性衝擊可控。具體而言:

一方面,有重大信息安全隱患的企業或將加速回歸,風險衝擊有限。第一類是涉及國家安全的政府數據(如國防、軍工、能源等),第二類是具有公共屬性的公司數據(如金融、物流及出行、生物和醫療等)。預計有重大信息安全隱患企業迴歸年均新增募資283億港元,佔比2021年港股IPO規模9%左右。

另一方面,無重大信息安全隱患的企業或維持在美上市地位,但仍將未雨綢繆。在中美走向不確定、國內上市制度放寬的大背景下,中概股仍將未雨綢繆,長期逐步迴歸。若平攤至5年的長期維度來看,預計無重大信息安全隱患的企業迴歸年均新增募資238億港元,佔比2021年港股IPO規模7%左右。

▍若中美談判不達預期,集中迴歸的極端情景下中概股或面臨四重壓力:

一是流動性折價,尤其是ADR發行規模較大的企業。二是集中拋售,包括內部風控、不願持有港幣等因素。三是市場偏好,港股偏愛傳統行業,部分企業迴歸或估值折價。四是政策風險,互聯網金融、電子煙等具有潛在產業政策風險的企業迴歸難度較高。

▍中概長期迴歸趨勢不變,港股通、A股上市制度等優化或是長期制度改革的發力點。

一方面,預計港股通可爲承接中概迴歸帶來千億級增量資金,在港二次上市優質公司或被納入港股通股票範圍。此外,人民幣計價、ETF互聯互通等改革也將進一步提升內地投資者配置熱情。另一方面,雖然CDR、科創板、創業板已打通中概迴歸A股路徑,但仍然存在上市門檻過高、CDR未與境外股票形成轉換機制、跨境資金流通限制等問題亟待優化。

▍風險因素:

中美走向不確定的風險,經濟增速下行風險,政策不及預期風險。

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