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中信證券:種子法修改通過,種業振興迎強有力法治保障

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:盛夏、彭家樂

《種子法》修改通過,種業知識產權保護進入新時代。建立實質性派生品種制度、擴大保護範圍、延長保護鏈條、提高賠償數額上限等全面升級知識產權保護力度。育種原始創新獲激勵,種業市場秩序得淨化,推動市場規模擴容和競爭格局優化。具備持續創新能力的種子和性狀公司將進入高增長通道。重點推薦生物育種產業化領先企業大北農、雜交玉米種業龍頭登海種業。

《種子法》修改通過,種業知識產權保護迎新時代。

12月24日全國人大常委會通過《種子法》修改,自2022年3月1日起實施。本次修改,是我國植物新品種保護制度建設里程碑事件,緊扣種業振興對育種創新迫切需要,為我國種業科技自強自立、種源自主可控提供有力法治保障,是立法層面對“打贏種業翻身仗,解決種源卡脖子”的有力落實。我們認為,本次修改將對種業發展產生深遠影響。

多措並舉,全面升級知識產權保護力度。

此次從四方面升級種業知識產權保護,維護育種者核心利益。

第一,建立實質性派生品種(EDV)制度,激勵原始創新。對模仿性、修飾性、跟蹤性育種進行商業化限制,建立原始品種權人與派生品種權人利益分享機制。

第二,擴大保護範圍,增加權利主張機會。將保護範圍由授權品種的繁殖材料延伸至收穫材料。

第三,延長保護鏈條,降低維權難度。將保護環節由生產、繁殖、銷售擴展到生產、繁殖和為繁殖而進行處理、許諾銷售、銷售、進口、出口、儲存等環節,大大降低維權舉證難度,對侵權行為形成全鏈條打擊。

第四,提高賠償數額上限,讓侵權者付出沉重代價。能確定權利人損失或侵權人所得的,賠償限額從3倍提升至5倍;難以確定的,從300萬提升至500萬。同時還提升了對生產經營假、劣種子等違法行為的罰款力度。

“權利例外”等制度安排,確保執法務實到位

新種子法還充分考慮我國種業發展實際和國情,在權利用盡、合法抗辯、權利例外等做制度安排,權利平衡、交易秩序、農民利益等均有穩妥司法考量,更利於司法實踐,確保新法執行。另外,有專利法等其他法律、行政法規、部門規章、司法解釋等相配套,知識產權制度體系更為健全。我們認為,種業知識產權將有法必依,保護力度將切實提升。

原始創新獲激勵,市場秩序得淨化。

我們認為,種業知識產權保護全面升級,將推動市場環境獲實質淨化,行業出清成為必然。通過簡單修飾獲取新品種權的種企生存空間大幅縮窄,或將轉型或退出。違法侵權種企加速淘汰。真正有能力、有意願、有擔當的育種原始創新優勢企業將獲應有經濟回報,進而持續提升原始創新能力和動力。疊加生物育種產業化,集中度有望快速提升,原始創新帶來增量價值也將推動規模擴容。具備持續創新能力的種子和性狀公司將進入高增通道。

風險因素:

政策落地不達預期,知識產權保護力度不及預期。

投資策略:知識產權保護力度空前,優選創新型種業龍頭。

育種原始創新提升種子價值,推動市場擴容。市場環境淨化推動行業集中度提升和競爭格局優化。建議把握種業高景氣期、強政策支持期、新技術升級期“三期疊加”戰略機遇期,優選具備品種和創新優勢的種業龍頭和具備產業化領先優勢的轉基因性狀公司。重點推薦生物育種產業化領先企業大北農、雜交玉米種業龍頭登海種業。

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