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中信證券:Omicron有何新變化?將如何影響市場?

當前Omicron變種毒株逐步在全球範圍內擴散,Omicron的低重症率使得市場對於Omicron變種的擔憂有所緩解,疊加美國高企的通脹壓力,海外資產價格定價邏輯重回對加息預期的博弈。國內出現境外輸入Omicron病例,疫情防控壓力加大,但疫情整體可控,對於資產價格尚未形成擾動。我們認爲Omicron變種毒株仍在全球加速擴散,近期研究表明兩針疫苗的有效性較低,市場尚未完全 price-in Omicron帶來的影響,Omicron變種仍是後續不可忽視的風險因素。

Omicron持續擴散,但市場對此的擔憂減輕。

Omicron的傳染性、免疫逃逸能力以及重症率正隨着實驗數據而逐步披露。就已知信息來看,Omicron具有高傳染性、一定的免疫逃逸能力以及低重症率,但仍需要更多的數據驗證。當前歐洲和東南亞新增病例數呈現見頂回落,美國疫情仍在不斷髮酵,而全球疫苗接種不均衡問題仍未解決,疫情對全球經濟修復的擾動預計仍將持續。近期市場對於Omicron變種的擔憂有所緩解,VIX指數逐步回落,大部分風險資產也在12月以來實現了正收益,市場關注點切換到主要央行的政策取向以及經濟基本面。

美國經濟基本面喜憂參半,市場聚焦12月FOMC。

目前來看Omicron並未對供應鏈修復造成較大擾動,並不會逆轉供應鏈邊際修復的方向。美國運輸和倉儲行業的勞動力缺口增勢放緩並出現邊際回落,交運行業勞動力緊缺問題有所改善。港口效率邊際提升,截至12月13日長灘和洛杉磯兩港的堆積貨物累計下降了47%,但全球供應鏈仍面臨挑戰。美國就業市場修復之路仍然坎坷,但預計難改美聯儲Taper加速。通脹方面,美國CPI同比增速刷新了近40年以來新高,從細分項看,交運和能源仍然是導致CPI同比高企的主要原因。儘管如此,美元指數、美股和美債在通脹數據出爐後市場並未反應劇烈,關鍵在於讀數符合市場預期,即資產價格早已price-in,加息押注不升反降,風險資產價格得到一定提振。當前市場關注點重回12月FOMC,海外風險資產定價的主導邏輯也回到對於加息預期的博弈。

Omicron入境,國內穩增長壓力或有所加大。

Omicron變異毒株已擴散至國內,12月13日和14日中國天津和廣州各確診了一例境外輸入Omicron病例,而國內Delta疫情的傳播尚未結束,預計疫情防控力度將進一步加強。受益於較高的疫苗接種率以及成功的防疫經驗,目前來看Omicron疫情整體可控。國內疫情防控壓力加大的同時,國內的消費和服務業復甦也將面臨更多的挑戰。12月6日的中央政治局會議新提“實施好擴大內需戰略,促進消費持續恢復,積極擴大有效投資,增強發展內生動力”。在Omicron的潛在擾動下,出於穩增長目的,不排除部分寬信用政策或提前落地。

總結:

Omicron的低重症率使得市場對於Omicron變種的擔憂有所緩解,但Omicron變種毒株仍在全球加速擴散,近期研究表明兩針疫苗的有效性較低,市場尚未完全 price-in Omicron帶來的影響,Omicron變種仍是後續不可忽視的風險因素。

海外方面,市場對Omicron的恐慌緩解,疊加美國國內的高通脹壓力,包括美股、美元以及美債在內的海外資產價格定價邏輯重回對加息預期的博弈;國內方面,Omicron已進入國內,疫情防控壓力加大,但目前疫情整體可控,對於國內資產價格尚未形成擾動。

由於後續防疫力度可能加強,消費和服務業復甦料將更爲坎坷,穩增長目標可能有所承壓,不排除部分寬信用政策或將提前落地的可能性。後續寬信用預期逐步升溫可能導致利率出現回調風險。當下10年期國債收益率2.8%的利率底部約束仍較穩固,債市在震盪中靜待MLF續作和LPR報價所釋放的信號。

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