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2021年房地產行業年度策略:需求持續,靜待開發利潤率改善;空間廣闊,關注後服務市場龍頭,維持“推薦”行業評級
格隆匯 11-12 10:18

機構:興業證券

評級:看好

投資要點

行業供給側改革可能會改善龍頭房企利潤率,如土地成本確實下行,龍頭股投資機會將顯現。2020年下半年以來,以三條紅線為代表的地產融資政策持續收緊,未來土地溢價率有望持續下行,有持續拿地能力房企利潤率將提升。但也需密切關注土地出讓底價的變化趨勢,如溢價率和底價同時下行,地產股投資價值將顯現。

2021年地產需求端仍將整體持續上行。2020年地產銷售超預期,連續5年上行,主要邏輯就是槓桿,大週期未結束,2021年繼續。且對於供給端槓桿壓制將進一步增加需求端槓桿,因銀行給地產加槓桿整體大趨勢難改。此趨勢下,未來面積降低,單價提升。

但短期嚴格壓制金融槓桿未來數月會影響基本面,尤其三四線。三四線超預期上行,核心即銀行給地產加槓桿,短期嚴格限制銀行行為會對三四線地產基本面影響,包括銷售新開工等與面積相關指標。但三四線金融壓制大概率為短期行為、銀行壓制地產需求端也大概率為短期行為。

一二線城市受銀行金融短期壓制影響相對較少,因為一二線槓桿主要為居民給居民加槓桿,而非銀行給地產加槓桿。行政政策、金融政策對一二線影響也都是短期,難改長期趨勢。

行業層面:在限價政策和土地價格提升情況下,行業利潤率近年整體承壓。結構來看,三四線城市項目由於政策相對寬鬆、土地競爭較低,利潤率相較一二線略好。三條紅線為代表融資收緊未來大概率帶來土地價格有所下行,需要密切關注土地溢價率和土地出讓底價變化,仍有強大拿地能力企業投資機會可能隨之顯現。

公司層面:房企在銷售、拿地、融資方面都有所分化。(1)頭部房企市佔率持續提升,按權益銷售金額計算,各梯隊均較2019年末提升1個多百分點。銷售金額同比增速來看,top11-20房企增速更高。(2)各家房企拿地力度、節奏、區域有所不同,未來會影響公司銷售和利潤率情況。(3)各家房企財務槓桿水平和融資成本有一定差異,三道紅線等分類監管政策下,也將加大房企融資能力的差異。

房地產後服務市場:物業管理&地產中介

物業管理:行業空間廣闊,受益滲透率和市佔率的雙提升。2020年整體漲幅明顯,物管價值進一步凸顯,近期板塊雖有回調,但不改行業未來發展大邏輯未來競爭與分化,品牌溢價能力越發重要。地產中介:由增量市場轉向存量市場,行業迎來巨大變革。我國步入存量房市場,新房交易發生重構;貝殼佔據先發優勢,地產經紀行業競爭仍然激烈。

投資建議:地產供給側改革將改善行業利潤率,主要房企投資價值未來會顯現。持續推薦金地集團、萬科A、保利地產、招商積餘、世聯行、中南建設、新城控股、金科股份等。

風險提示:大幅度收緊消費貸、按揭等居民槓桿,核心城市調控超預期嚴格,物業管理行業人工成本大幅提升

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