電力設備新能源行業:成本下行需求提升,全球儲能市場發展可期,維持“買入”行業評級
機構:廣發證券
評級:買入
核心觀點:
全球電化學儲能潛力大,未來可期。據CNESA,2019年全球新增已投運電化學儲能2.90GW,累計9.52GW;我國新增裝機636.9MW,超越美國成為第一大國,累計裝機1.70GW,佔全球18%。據BNEF,新能源汽車的快速發展帶動電池組成本迅速降低,2010-2019平均價格降幅高達86.8%。產品一體化、技術進步等因素進一步降低系統集成成本,2020、2025和2030年有望較2019年下降8%、38.7%和50.2%。儲能應用場景豐富,發電側提供快速調頻響應,提升新能源並網,電網側提供輔助服務,減少低效投資,用户側與分佈式能源配套並用於峯谷電價套利。隨着儲能系統成本快速下降,新能源快速發展帶來的儲能市場需求快速上升,儲能大規模商業化應用趨勢明朗。
財税政策疊加市場機制,美國儲能市場鋒芒初露。為推動可再生能源持續發展,各國相繼出台政策對可再生能源配套儲能進行規劃。以美國為例,全國範圍內的ITC補貼範圍從“光伏+儲能”擴展到獨立儲能系統,加州和紐約州又匹配了自發電激勵計劃(SGIP)、淨電量結算制度以及紐約州的補貼制度。同時,各獨立運營商明確了儲能參與各類電力市場的規模要求及資格,並對各種服務提供市場交易機制。財税政策支持和電力市場機制促使美國2013-2019電化學儲能累計裝機容量增長近8倍。美國儲能協會(ESA)計劃到2030年儲能總裝機規模達100GW,以提高可再生能源在電網中運行的可靠性和適用性。
“十四五”或迎來政策利好期,國內儲能市場蓄勢待發。政策促進了我國新能源和新能源汽車產業的發展,在新能源發展的大背景下,儲能相關政策有望持續出台。2020年已有涉及儲能技術創新、標準規範、商業模式、財税補貼等多個維度的政策出台。近期,多部門表示或將上調2025年非化石能源佔比至18%-20%,2030年達到20%-25%。“十四五”期間風電和光伏裝機規模將維持增長態勢,配套儲能有望迎來快速增長期。假設到2025年我國非化石能源消費量佔比為18%,儲能配置率平均為10%,時間為2小時,則對應年均新增儲能空間為19GWh。鋰離子電池逐漸代替鉛蓄電池成為5G基站儲能首選,2025年預計累計新增基站493萬個,對應儲能容量60GWh,年均12GWh。
投資建議。以美國為首的發達國家有着系統的儲能政策和完善的電力市場機制,儲能已進入快速發展期。隨着國家政策出台和電力市場完善,國內儲能市場蓄勢待發。關注電池供應商寧德時代、國軒高科、億緯鋰能等,儲能逆變器供應商和儲能系統集成商陽光電源、科華恆盛、固德威、國電南瑞等。
風險提示。產業政策變化,技術路線革新,國際貿易形勢變化。
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