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复盘2008年后金融危机的十年:2009~2018-中美的十年,也是科技的黄金十年
格隆汇 09-19 14:20

机构:国泰君安

本报告导读:

2008年金融危机之后,全球产业链重塑,叠加信息技术革命,成就了中美与科技产业的黄金十年。站在2019年全球贸易摩擦背景下,反思过去,益于指引未来。

摘要:2008年后金融危机时代,全球范围明显的比较优势,成就了我国发展的黄金十年。2008年金融危机后,全球产业链重塑,中国以明显的比较优势加速融入全球贸易体系。同时在4万亿投资和“十大产业振兴规划”背景下,受益于信息技术革命,国内经济经历新一轮快速发展,GDP在全球占比也快速提升。2008年国内生产总值4.60万亿美元,占全球GDP7.23%,到2018年国内生产总值达到13.46万亿美元,全球占比提升到15.95%,成为全球第二大经济体。

美国产业变迁,从工业化、电子化走向信息化,培育出苹果、亚马逊、谷歌等一批富可敌国的科技巨头。从美国百年Top10公司变迁历程,可以看出其产业发展历程:1917年U.S.Steel位居榜首,市值460亿美元;到1967年,排名第一的IBM市值增长为2590亿美元;而到2018年,Apple总市值高达8980亿美元,是IBM3.5倍,U.S.Steel19.4倍,科技已成为美国核心产业。苹果、亚马逊、谷歌、Facebook市值合计为29988亿美元,超过英国2018年GDP(28235亿美元)。

若以市值来计算,四家公司成为全球第五大经济体。短短十几年时间,信息技术革命背景下,美国已培养一大批富可敌国的科技巨头。

从信息基建到智能手机、移动互联网,国内TMT行业经历黄金十年。2008年之前国内信息产业处于较弱地位,主要是当年工业化大背景下,信息产业占比较低。2008年金融危机之后,全球产业链重塑,中国加速融入全球贸易体系中,以液晶面板、PCB等为代表的产业加速转移至国内。同时在“十大产业振兴计划”背景下,国内开始加快信息化建设,叠加3G、4G为代表的信息技术革命,推动国内通信设备、光纤光缆、智能手机、手游、影视院线等产业快速崛起,国内信息产业不断发展壮大。反应在市值上,2018年TMT总市值6.26万亿,在全A占比快速提升,达到10.20%。

从要素、市场和技术角度分析,科技依然是主旋律,看好中国经济前景。全球经济增速放缓背景下,加上贸易保护主义抬头,全球范围贸易摩擦不断,给我国经济发展带来新挑战。但是我国拥有近14亿人口,4亿多中等收入群体,人均收入持续增加带来巨大消费潜力。

同时我国处在现代化进程中,新型工业化、信息化、城镇化等蕴含着巨大发展潜能,以5G为代表的科技产业不断改变社会。在此背景下,技术创新叠加人口优势,以及坚持对外开放的国策,我们对中国经济充满信心。

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