內地發布駕駛自動化指引 防技術研發與產品應用科技倫理風險
國家科技部公布《駕駛自動化技術研發倫理指引》,旨在防範技術研發與產品應用過程中的科技倫理風險,推動該領域健康發展。同時明確各級別汽車駕駛自動化相應的倫理規範要求,指導駕駛自動化技術研究開發和應用的規範開展。
指引顯示,駕駛自動化由低到高分成0級至5級,分別為應急輔助、部分駕駛輔助、組合駕駛輔助、有條件自動駕駛、高度自動駕駛及完全自動駕駛。
先進駕駛輔助階段是指2級及以下的駕駛自動化,責任主體通常是人類駕駛員。有限制階段的自動駕駛包括3級和4級駕駛自動化,自動駕駛責任主體因具體運行場景而異。當自動駕駛系統作為自動駕駛責任主體時,應當能夠根據有關法律法規、技術標準向相關自然人主體或法人主體(包括但不限於自動駕駛系統開發者、自動駕駛系統生產商、自動駕駛汽車權利人、自動駕駛系統用戶)清晰追責。無限制階段的自動駕駛為5級的駕駛自動化,除非特殊情況下有用戶主動介入操作,否則無限制階段自動駕駛的責任主體以自動駕駛系統為主。
指引特別強調,在面對不可避免的交通事故或極端行車環境時,應確保駕駛自動化系統能高度尊重生命,積極尋求有效應對方法最大限度降低對人的傷害;與駕駛自動化技術相關的算法、模型等內容應當被清晰記錄、隨時可查。
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