中信證券:降準改善煤炭需求預期,估值提升有望延續
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究 作者: 祖國鵬
央行宣佈降低準備金率或將改善煤炭需求預期,進一步催化板塊反彈。隨着供給端全國礦山安監政策的強化以及需求端各類穩增長政策的疊加,煤價底部預期已逐步明朗。在此預期下,煤炭龍頭公司低估值和分紅的價值吸引力進一步增強,利好板塊估值提升。
▍流動性釋放改善煤炭需求預期,板塊表現或因此提振。
根據央行網站消息,為鞏固經濟回升向好基礎,保持流動性合理充裕,央行決定於2023年9月15日下調金融機構存款準備金率0.25個百分點。煤炭下游需求主要是電力、鋼鐵、化工等行業,與宏觀經濟運行、地產投資水平等高度相關,央行的降準能夠釋放流動性,降低融資成本,從而支持經濟整體的發展,預計煤炭下游行業需求也將因此受益。因此中信證券認為降準能夠促進煤炭消費的增長,改善煤炭下游消費預期。根據中信證券對2008年以來23次降準後煤炭板塊表現情況的統計,在降準後的一週內,煤炭板塊的絕對收益中位數和均值分別為0.58%/0.74%,相對於滬深300的相對收益中位數和均值分別為0.35% /0.95%,降準對煤炭板塊收益或有正面作用。
▍短期基本面變化:安監逐步強化致產量增速放緩,貿易商補庫需求增加。
今年以來國內礦難事故使煤礦安全生產監管逐步趨嚴,進而限制了產量釋放節奏。2023年7月,全國原煤產量同比增速降至0.1%,導致前7月累計產量增速由上半年的4.4%降至3.6%。安監趨嚴造成供給受限,結構上使市場煤供給收縮更為明顯,是近期煤價上行的主因之一。此外,近期煤價上升也帶動了貿易商情緒,補庫需求增加,也進一步推升了煤價。
▍煤價低點預期已逐步明朗。
近期動力煤價在淡季出現上升,9月14日北方港口非電煤市場價格已達到895元/噸,較6月低點765元/噸上升130元/噸,主要受到國內供給節奏放緩、非電行業需求環比恢復、海外煤價上升等因素帶動。雖然三季度以來動力煤均價仍低於Q2均價,後續淡季動力煤價也有可能震盪調整,但從預期看,目前煤價低點預期已逐步明朗,在期貨市場價格持續上升的帶動下,煤價悲觀預期已充分消化。中信證券預計下半年動力煤均價約在850~900元/噸,煤價難以出現超預期下跌。焦煤目前價格預期也穩中向好,目前價格較5月份的年內低點已反彈30%左右,低庫存的狀態使焦煤價格後續易升難跌。
▍風險因素:
若經濟增速不及預期,或進一步影響煤炭需求和價格;保供增產政策後續或帶來供給增量,進一步壓制煤價;海外能源價格系統性下跌、推動國內煤炭進口繼續增加。
▍投資策略。
中信證券認為,在“降準”等穩增長政策疊加下,煤炭需求和煤價預期回暖的概率增加,市場對煤價底部的預期逐漸明朗,對板塊業績和分紅的預期也趨於穩定,疊加機構對板塊配置較低、順週期等市場風格影響,年內板塊或呈現震盪上線的節奏。建議沿兩條主線配置公司:一是具備持續分紅能力且股價彈性較好的企業,二是“估值”破淨但中報業績表現相對較好的企業。
注:本文節選自中信證券研究部已於2023年9月15日發佈的《煤炭行業重大事項點評一降準改善煤炭需求預期,估值提升有望延續》報吿,分析師:祖國鵬 S1010512080004
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