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中信證券:理財市場修復進行時

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究;作者:肖斐斐 彭博

2023年上半年末理財存續規模25.34萬億元,較年初下降8.35%,較一季度末回升。上半年固收類和封閉式產品佔比延續提升,但封閉式產品新發期限趨短,結合產品資產配置進一步追求流動性,我們認為當前市場偏好為低波動、低迴撤和較好的流動性。當前理財市場仍在修復中,隨着存款定價預期下行和居民投資意願邊際回升,我們認為下半年理財市場發展有望穩中向好。

事項:

8月4日,銀行業理財登記託管中心發佈《中國銀行業理財市場半年報吿(2023年上)》。

市場規模:上半年末理財存續規模較年初下降,較一季度末回升。

1)2023年半年末理財存續規模25.34萬億元,較年初下降8.35%,同比下降13.07%,一季度理財規模明顯下降,主要受年初以來居民投資風險偏好降低存在慣性,一部分財富管理配置延續迴流存款影響。二季度以來,理財行業呈現回暖修復趨勢,儘管6月有存款時點衝量的負向影響,上半年末理財存續規模仍較一季度末有所回升。

2)理財公司規模佔比持續提升,截至2023年上半年末,理財公司存續規模20.66萬億元,較年初下降7.09%,同比增長7.99%,上半年末存續規模佔比已達81.6%,較年初繼續提升1.1pcts。

產品特徵:固收類產品規模佔比超95%,封閉式產品佔比延續提升但新發期限趨短。

1)分投資性質來看,2023年上半年末,固定收益類、混合類和權益類產品存續規模分別為24.11/1.11/0.08萬億元,固收類產品規模佔比高位繼續提升至超95%,反映市場風格仍較為集中。

2)分運作模式來看,2023年半年末開放式、封閉式理財產品存續規模為20.26/5.08萬億元,其中封閉式產品佔比較年初提升2.76pcts,同比提升3.38pcts,推測與理財發行方增加發行攤餘成本法產品相關。

3)分投資期限來看,2023年上半年新發封閉式理財產品期限趨短,6月全市場新發封閉式產品加權平均期限為346天,較年初縮短30.32%,在居民投資風險偏好仍處低位、對流動性需求較高,但投資意願又在邊際復甦的背景下,短債類產品成為順應市場偏好的較好選擇。

資產配置:流動性需求進一步提升。

大類資產配置來看,相比年初,債券類配置明顯減少,現金及銀行存款配置顯著增加,具體看:

1)現金及銀行存款配置較年初大幅增配,考慮6月有存款時點衝量的負向影響,上半年末現金及銀行存款的增配仍有低估可能,這種配置傾向充分説明理財產品配置的流動性需求進一步提升;

2)債券類資產配置大幅減配,其中流動性更好的利率債減配幅度最小;

3)非標、權益類、公募基金配置佔比提升,考慮上半年市場利率持續保持低位,理財發行方採用多種方式增厚產品收益,提升產品收益率競爭力,這也符合上半年理財投資者整體風險偏好趨於兩極化發展的特徵。

投資者風險偏好趨於兩極化,理財公司積極拓展母行以外的代銷渠道。

1)投資者風險偏好趨於兩極化。截至2023 年上半年末,持有理財產品的投資者數量為1.04億,較年初增長7.24%。理財投資者整體風險偏好趨於兩極化發展,風險偏好為一、五級的個人投資者數量佔比同比分別增加1.32pcts/0.32pct,而風險偏好為二、三級的個人投資者數量佔比相對減少。

2)理財公司積極拓展母行以外的代銷渠道。27家理財公司的理財產品除母行代銷外,還打通了其他銀行的代銷渠道,此外15家理財公司開展了直銷業務,2023年6月有417家機構代銷了理財公司發行的理財產品,較年初增加了89家,母行代銷金額佔比進一步下降。

風險提示:

1)居民投資理財產品意願保持低位;2)理財產品業績大幅偏離業績基準;3)行業監管政策調整。

注:本文節選自中信證券研究部已於當日發佈的《晨會》報吿,報吿分析師:肖斐斐S1010510120057、彭博S1010519060001

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