惠譽:內地小型中資銀行信用狀況或繼續承壓
惠譽評級表示,內地小型中資銀行(主要指城商行、農商行及農村信用社等)的信用狀況或繼續面臨多項壓力。與國內其他同業銀行相比,小型中資銀行更易受到金融風險的衝擊。
該些銀行的業務規模往往較小且缺少有力的股東支持,直接導致較高的資金成本,繼而推高其風險偏好,這些是造成小型中資銀行脆弱性的主要原因。某些情況下,該些銀行的管理和公司治理水平薄弱、單一借款人和關聯借款人集中度較高且高風險行業敞口較大,都導致小型中資銀行脆弱性加劇。
近年來,監管機構加快銀行業不良貸款處置和資本補充的步伐,尤其是針對小型銀行。然而,新補充的資本很大程度上由於小型銀行較高的增長偏好和較弱的盈利能力而快速消耗。
惠譽認為,雖然「高風險」金融機構資產規模僅佔銀行業總資產規模的1.6%,但若審慎管理不到位,風險仍可能蔓延至整個銀行體系。另一方面,最新的金融資產風險分類辦法及資本新規也可能在短期內更多地暴露小型金融機構的脆弱性。同時,隨著人行對「高風險」金融機構分類標準的潛在變遷,「高風險」金融機構的數量也可能增加。不過中國近年來一系列的監管改革已顯著壓降金融機構間的傳染性風險。惠譽預期,監管方面將繼續在必要時進行干預以維持金融體系的整體穩定性。
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