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中信證券:5月美國製造業繼續收縮,日本則表現亮麗

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究;作者:崔嶸 李翀

5月全球製造業PMI指數持續低迷(49.6),呈現“中國回落、新興擴張、歐美疲軟、日本亮麗”的特徵。其中,歐洲製造業收縮趨勢加劇,日本經濟時隔7個月重回擴張區間。美國PMI指數進一步回落至46.9,就業市場仍有韌性(51.4),關注就業數據的表現和海外衰退交易開啟時點對資產價格的影響。

5月全球製造業PMI指數與4月持平,整體低迷。

亞洲國家整體好於歐美國家。5月全球製造業PMI指數為49.6,與上月持平,整體呈現“中國回落、新興擴張、歐美疲軟、日本亮麗”的特徵。5月歐元區製造業PMI指數由前月的45.8下降至44.8,我們預計該讀數年中或還將在榮枯線下波動。橫向比較來看,在中國和其他新興國家經濟復甦及預期的帶動下,亞洲製造業(51.1)表現或將持續好於歐美。

分區域來看:

1)亞洲方面,東南亞及南亞國家制造業持續景氣,日本經濟表現亮麗。我國製造業復甦動能環比趨弱(48.8),日本經濟則表現亮麗,時隔7個月重回擴張區間。此外,印度和泰國等國延續景氣趨勢。後續需關注政策呵護下我國經濟的邊際改善可能性;

2)歐洲方面,歐洲製造業收縮趨勢加劇,主要國家讀數持續低於預期。5月數據顯示歐元區主要國家制造業收縮情況加劇,主要國家讀數整體進一步下滑。其中,德國降至43.2;3)美洲方面,美加製造業景氣程度延續收縮趨勢,墨西哥等部分新興國家則相對較好。

5月美國PMI進一步回落(46.9),就業和產出分項超預期回升至擴張區間。

5月美國ISM製造業PMI指數錄得46.9,較上月的47.1回落了0.2個百分點,低於47的市場預期。分項方面,物價分項重回收縮區間(44.2),就業分項階段性仍有韌性(51.4),近期需重點關注美聯儲加息終點的博弈。5月新訂單分項加速收縮(42.6),預計至2023年年中或將進一步走弱。此外,美國去庫存階段持續推進,進出口仍相對低迷。整體來看,年中美國製造業PMI指數可能仍在46-48附近震盪。

“一帶一路”對我國出口階段性帶動作用明顯提升。

在與一帶一路國家的合作快速推進和我國出口新的“明星產品”的帶動下,5月我國出口增速階段性提升。不過,考慮到全球主要需求地區美國和歐洲均面臨衰退的風險,未來我國出口增速中樞或仍回落。我們認為我國對美出口增速見底回升時點或將位於被動去庫存階段。

風險因素:

美聯儲貨幣緊縮路徑超預期;美國經濟衰退節奏及時點的變動;美國勞動力市場降温的節奏超預期;我國經濟疫後復甦進程低於預期;中美貿易政策變動超預期。

注:本文節選自中信證券2023年6月6日研報《全球製造業2023年5月PMI跟蹤點評-5月美國製造業繼續收縮,日本則表現亮麗》,報吿分析師:崔嶸S1010517040001、李翀S1010522100001

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