“X-day”迫近之際,投資者着手“末日對衝”!VIX看漲期權未平倉合約升至五年來新高
美國債務上限問題仍處於僵局之中,“X-day”的逐漸迫近意味着美國正有可能走向債務違約。在華爾街,交易員們正在預測可能出現的黑天鵝事件,並已經開始進行“末日對衝”。
在期權市場,波動率指數(VIX)看漲期權的未平倉合約達到5年來的最高水平。防範股市下跌約10%(即一個標準差)的成本是一年來最高的。對尾部風險(即導致股市暴跌30%的黑天鵝事件)對衝產品的需求已升至3月銀行業動盪高峯時的水平。
RBC Capital Markets衍生品策略主管Amy Wu Silverman表示:“對防範市場低迷和尾部風險的需求有所上升。看看VIX在2011年債務上限問題時的表現,感覺與今年非常接近。由於當時發生的事情,我們看到了如今對VIX看漲期權的需求。”
美國兩黨達成協議避免債務違約正變得越來越緊迫。拜登與衆議院議長麥卡錫在週二會晤以討論債務上限問題,但並未取得任何實質性進展。美國財長耶倫警告,美國政府可能最早在6月1日就會違約,如果國會不採取行動,美國可能會看到金融市場出現混亂。
早在2011年,美國兩黨陷入類似的債務上限僵局,並在違約前的幾個小時才達成協議,這導致美國政府的信用評級被罕見地下調,標普500指數在10天內下跌了16%,而VIX攀升至48。
對VIX看漲期權的需求預示着6月的動盪,無論是由於債務上限問題還是其他因素。從經濟衰退前景到銀行體系動盪、再到對美聯儲放寬貨幣政策的希望落空,其他一系列風險也在給市場帶來壓力。
Fulcrum Asset Management合夥人Stephen Crewe表示:“還有其他因素,比如糟糕的通脹數據、強勁的就業數據等。人們真的不明白,在壞消息不斷的情況下,股市爲什麼會走得這麼好,所以他們一直在尋求保護措施。”
此外,以快速入市和快速出市著稱的量化投資者一直在買入股票,原因是一季度業績強勁、波動較低。他們可能會在突如其來的拋售中變成賣家,並放大跌勢。
法國巴黎銀行的策略師Maxwell Grinacoff稱,股市的迅速逆轉對末日論者來說是件好事。他表示,波動性目前有所降低,在今年晚些時候可能會有所表現。
另一個投資者準備應對市場動盪的跡象在於,衡量VIX期權隱含波動率的指標VVIX因需求強勁在週三飆升至99,與此同時,VIX則跌破一年平均水平。
Susquehanna衍生品策略聯席主管Chris Murphy表示,這種差異之所以引人注目,是因爲這些指標的同時變動可能表明,針對債務上限動盪的保險需求上升。他表示:“隨着債務上限問題的出現,對VIX期權的需求增加。儘管股市波動性總體下降,但防範更極端尾部事件的需求依然存在。”
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