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千金難買牛回頭,站在當下,怎麼看港股賠率/勝率?

近期港股迎來回調,廣發證券發表研報表示,回顧22Q4至今港股行情,賠率/勝率框架解釋力強。22/11至23/01反彈是高賠率下迎來勝率改善的契機,23/02至今港股回調是賠率空間壓縮後勝率後勁不足,美債收益率反彈主導調整。

1、當前港股的賠率空間已經凸顯

1. 恆指遠期PE已回落至很少逗留的均值-1STD以下;

2. 指示全球風險溢價的MSCI world指數30D累計漲幅回落至中性偏低水平;

3. 恆指股價動量已顯著迴歸接近歷史波動區間下限。

2、勝率變化的方向之“此消”,10Y美債利率中期呈震盪向下

作爲本輪港股回調的核心因素,10Y美債利率已升至3.9%,廣發證券判斷去年四季度10Y美債利率4.3%是本輪的頂,未來1到2個季度預期其波動中樞是3.5%附近,其作爲風險因素的討論可以適度淡化。

  • 3M/10Y倒掛標記10Y利率頂

80年代至今,10Y/3M利率倒掛往往預示本輪週期長端利率頂已至,22.10觸發這一條件,標記4.3%利率頂。

當聯儲政策利率高於長端利率,意味着聯儲的利率已經處於限制級水平,對經濟形成抑制性力量;1980年以來10Y-3M期限利差倒掛後,美債利率無一例外沒有再創新高。

根據80年代以來的規律,10Y/3M倒掛後未來9個月美債平均下行60bp,這一統計特徵指向未來1-2季度10Y美債利率波動中樞預計3.5%附近。

  • 通脹頂—>利率頂

過去半個世紀的經驗是,每輪週期,美債利率頂與通脹頂時間大致相齊或滯後。22/10開始美國核心通脹迎來高位連續改善,標記4.3%利率頂。

後續美國通脹將有效緩解,我們的通脹分析框架爲:商品↓—>非房服務↓,住房↓。按照過去3個月CPI環比速度外推,23年底美國通脹有望回落至3%的區間。

3、勝率變化的方向之“彼長”,三大視角看國內復甦漸入佳境

  1. 視角一:消費者信心。中國消費者信心指數與港股盈利/股價存在高度顯著的相關性,目前仍處於谷底,中國就業改善是其回升的驅動。

  2. 視角二:信貸劈叉後的收斂。歷史經驗是,“企業信貸強、居民信貸弱”組合後不久,居民信貸迎來連續改善,港股盈利/股價走好,如08/12、12/02、15/02、20/02。目前處於二者劈叉期,近期二手房成交向好證僞“居民預期弱”,在託底政策之下,居民信貸有望回暖。

  3. 視角三:庫存週期。被動去庫—>中期主動補庫,盈利/股價動能逐漸增強。目前仍在這一進程的初期。

4、配置“三支箭”,成長佔優

廣發證券指出,基於勝率改善的方向——美債利率中期震盪走弱、國內復甦漸入佳境,仍是三支箭佔優,背後邏輯是外資基於資產比價配置EM,買入一攬子beta資產包,這個過程成長仍佔優。建議三支箭方向:(1)擴大有效需求:地產竣工鏈(家電/傢俱);

(2)擴內需“消費優先”&“消費升級”:可選消費(黃金珠寶/服飾/免稅)、必選消費(啤酒/超市)、醫療保健(醫療服務/器械/創新藥);

(3)擴內需“重建”&“發展”:互聯網平臺經濟。

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