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從ChatGPT看GPU算力需求及國產化分析
uSMART盈立智投 02-15 15:01

中信證券搭建一個滿足現在ChatGPT日常訪問使用場景的算力,基於1億用戶保守測算,GPU需求量在23.3億美元,對應的CPU/存儲價值量分別爲3.14/2.78億美元。若搜索平臺均搭載類ChatGPT功能,預計對於GPGPU的需求將增加136.3億美元,對應地增加CPU/存儲芯片價值量分別爲18.4/16.3億美元。

我們預計隨着在類GPT基礎模型上開發的應用程序逐漸增多,有望打開千行百業的海量應用場景,對於算力的需求將實現顯著提升,爲GPGPU的需求帶來新的增量。長久來看,我們認爲美國禁售給中國高端GPU的禁令給國產GPGPU和AI芯片廠商帶來快速發展的機會,建議重點關注實現自主創新,打造自主生態體系,打磨產品實現穩定供貨的公司。

需求測算:

我們搭建一個滿足現在ChatGPT日常訪問使用場景的算力,基於1億用戶保守測算,GPU需求量在23.3億美元,以及對應的CPU/存儲價值量分別爲3.14/2.78億美元。若搜索平臺均搭載類ChatGPT功能,預計對於GPGPU的需求將增加136.3億美元,對應地增加CPU/存儲芯片價值量分別爲18.4/16.3億美元。

應用拓展:

ChatGPT只是GPT的其中一個應用程序,GPT-3在推出9個月內,已被數萬開發者用於 300 多個不同的應用程序。我們預計未來隨着在類GPT基礎模型之上開發的應用程序逐漸增多,有望打開千行百業的海量應用場景,相對應地其對於算力的需求將實現顯著提升,將爲GPGPU的需求帶來新的增量。

技術差距:

GPGPU的核心壁壘是高精度浮點計算及CUDA生態。從高精度浮點計算能力來看,國內GPU產品與國外產品的計算性能差距約5年;在軟件和生態層面距離英偉達CUDA生態還有近10年的距離。

短期來看:

我們認爲對高端通用計算GPU的禁令短期內可能會影響英偉達和AMD的GPU產品在中國的銷售,中國AI計算、超級計算和雲計算產業進步受到一定的阻礙。可使用英偉達和AMD的還沒有被禁止的、以及國產廠商的中高計算性能CPU、GPU、ASIC芯片等進行替代。

長期來看:

國產CPU、GPU、AI芯片廠商受益於龐大的國內市場,疊加國內的信創市場帶來國產化需求增量。我們預期未來國內AI芯片的國產化比例將顯著提升,藉此機會進行產品升級,逐漸達到國際先進水平突破封鎖。

風險因素:

用戶拓展不及預期風險,AI技術及新產品開發發展不及預期風險,外部制裁加劇風險,宏觀經濟需求下行風險。

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