港股“開門紅”領跑全球,內需方向仍是主線
港股2023年迎來“開門紅”,科技股及平臺經濟股受政策利好重拾上漲動力,同時國內地產託底力度繼續加碼,帶動港股權重板塊上揚。本報告重點分析地產鏈方向,從近期數據表現來看,地產政策發力點尚未觸及需求端的核心,預計後續仍有政策空間,短期內市場或繼續交易擴內需政策預期。
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近期國內地產託底力度持續加碼,但效果不及預期。供給端“三箭齊發”,支持房企信貸、債權、股權三個渠道融資;需求端政策力度亦有所提升,對於首套房貸利率下限階段性放寬的政策進一步優化延續。但自2022年4季度執行新政以來,短期效果並不明顯,主要因爲下限降幅並不明顯,原本下限爲LPR5Y-20bp,大多城市減點也僅在40~60bp,尚不足以構成刺激作用。
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深層次邏輯是政策發力點尚未觸及需求端的核心。近期地產需求端政策效果不佳,主要有以下核心邏輯:
1)以往的房地產刺激力度較大,透支了部分未來漲幅與居民購買力;
2)當前國內居民槓桿率提升空間已十分有限。此外,由於疫情的持續,加槓桿意願明顯不足;
3)現階段的地產需求端政策主要集中在三四線需求疲弱的城市或地區,對於降首付、房貸利率放鬆等措施的敏感度較低;
4)政策側重點集中在首套房,但對於首套房剛需主體,可能核心問題是購買力方面的限制,因此需要更多維度的政策支持纔能有效提振需求。
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地產需求側後續仍有釋放空間,但需找準政策發力點。對比2008年及2014-2015年的房地產逆週期調節,本輪政策力度尚未完全釋放。後續需求側可能有更多支持政策,包括部分城市行政調控放鬆,以及房貸利率成本有進一步下行空間。同時,政策的側重點可能需要逐漸向一二線城市的改善型住房需求轉移,逐漸形成以居民需求爲主導,而非房企的融資環境驅動的新發展模式。
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對於擴內需政策的預期交易或將延續。短期來看,由於經濟數據在1、2月份可能缺乏驗證,市場對於政策預期的交易可能仍會延續。此外,港股大多數企業都與國內經濟和內需相關,而與出口關聯度較低。政策端在擴內需層面的邊際變化,例如地產需求端、居民大宗消費等,仍將是港股市場短期的主導因素之一。在此過程中,政策出臺的節奏和力度或不及預期,可能導致相關行業出現階段性調整。策略上,現階段建議分散籌碼、逢低加倉,或可取得較高的勝率和期望收益。
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目前處於港股牛市“三級火箭”第二階段,未來仍有較大修復空間。
第一階段,11月以來,恆指從估值陷阱轉換至價值窪地,也就是到達2萬點附近,這個過程已經結束。
到了第二階段,海外流動性在加速修復,同時國內疫情衝擊影響已過至暗時刻,有望開啓經濟復甦之路,預計短期上漲空間爲4%-9%。
第三階段,仍可期待宏觀條件改善後所帶來的恆指盈利增速預期上修,將打開港股進一步上升空間。
風險因素:1)國內擴內需政策力度不及預期;2)海外通脹超預期;3)高通脹疊加經濟衰退,可能提升歐債風險;4)地緣政治衝突。
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