美聯儲放緩加息預期升溫
美國國債迎來自2001年以來最強勁的開局,當時市場正確地預期到時任美聯儲主席艾倫•格林斯潘將大幅下調基準利率。
投資者也在2023年的第一個交易日搶購美國國債,因爲他們押注現在由傑羅姆·鮑威爾領導的美聯儲將進一步放緩加息的步伐。隨着通脹顯示出放緩跡象以及對今年美國經濟衰退的擔憂加劇,市場對美聯儲加息的預期有所回落。

週二,基準10年期美國國債收益率下跌近14個基點至3.74%,創下2001年以來新年首個交易日的最大跌幅。美國國債收益率在盤中早些時候一度下跌15.5個基點,隨後一系列新發行的公司債券短暫抑制了市場。2001年第一個交易日的收益率變動接近20個基點,當時交易員紛紛買入美國國債,因爲他們預期對經濟衰退的擔憂將促使格林斯潘採取行動。事實上,格林斯潘次日就降息了。
週二美國國債購買量激增,德國國債也出現上漲,此前這兩個地區的通脹數據連續第二個月同比放緩,表明價格壓力可能正在緩解。油價下跌支撐了美國國債市場情緒的改善。
由於美聯儲積極採取行動來抑制通脹,美國國債市場在2022年遭遇了創紀錄的年度虧損。儘管去年年底收益率從高點回落,但在去年12月的最後兩週,債券空頭佔據了上風,尤其是在歐洲。
澳大利亞和新西蘭債券週三呼應了美國國債的漲勢,其收益率在亞洲早盤下跌。
蒙特利爾銀行資本市場美國利率策略主管Ian Lyngen表示,“2022年的最後兩週可以被恰當地描述爲美國利率的看跌階段”,這是一個季節性波動的時期。“隨着投資者從假期歸來,我們預計‘更冷靜的頭腦’將佔上風。”
週二,對政策敏感的2年期美國國債收益率回吐了稍早的漲幅,最終收於4.37%,下跌約6個基點。貨幣市場預計,到6月份,美聯儲將再加息66個基點,這將使基準利率略低於5%。美聯儲預測其政策利率的峯值區間爲5%-5.25%。
美國國債守住了大約一半的漲幅,因爲企業在假期後紛紛出售以美元計價的債券。交易商預計,每週的總規模爲350億至400億美元。
重要經濟數據將主導本週市場走勢。週三將公佈關鍵的美國製造業調查和職位空缺數據,週五將公佈12月就業報告。
美國勞動力市場一直很有彈性,強勁的工資增長幫助刺激了服務業通脹。這引起了美聯儲官員的關注,並可能在週三公佈12月會議紀要時成爲市場焦點。市場預計去年12月美國工資年增幅爲5%,就業人數增加20萬人。
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