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中信證券:基建先行,地產緊隨

本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:楊帆 陳聰 孫明新 於翔

疫情擾動下經濟承壓,目前基建投資整體增速較高但建材數據相對疲軟,地產投資在“房住不炒”框架下仍顯壓力,穩增長政策或需進一步發力。一方面,政策性金融工具、專項債等財政類工具不斷出台支持基建投資,行業景氣度在下半年有望進一步上行;另一方面,地產政策從信用、交付和銷售三個方面入手,銷售數據開始弱復甦,但投資走出低谷尚需時日。綜合來看,相關政策不斷出台的背景下,基建投資有望進一步上行,地產投資目前仍然承壓,建材需求經歷至暗時刻後,結構性機會有望逐步出現。

疫情擾動下逆週期政策需進一步發力,基建投資增速較高但建材景氣度相對較弱,“房住不炒”下地產投資承壓。

2022年3-5月疫情衝擊下經濟承壓,消費等受到影響尤為明顯,8-9月再度開始出現散點疫情。總書記強調“疫情要防住,經濟要穩住”,我們預計逆週期政策將進一步出台。2022年1-8月基建投資累計同比增速為10.37%,宏觀增速較高的同時以水泥為代表的建材數據景氣度卻相對較弱,這既與基建投資中交通運輸等投資增速較弱有關(1-8月累計同比僅4.9%),也與地產投資拖累有關(1-8月新開工面積累計同比-37%)。“房住不炒”背景下全國商品房銷售面積1-8月累計同比-23%,房地產開發投資1-8月累計同比-7%,地產承壓趨勢尚未出現根本性扭轉。

財政類工具不斷髮力支持基建投資,預計全年增速有望達到12-13%。

2022年專項債發行節奏前置明顯,上半年即基本完成了3.65萬億額度的發行,8月24日國常會進一步提出,“依法用好5000多億元專項債地方結存限額,10月底前發行完畢”,專項債規模再度提升。此外,國常會提出兩筆政策性開發性金融工具合計6000億元,預計於9月底10月初發行完畢,其作為項目資本金理論撬動比例高達10倍。整體來看,基建投資增量政策不斷出台落地,預計全年基建投資增速有望達到12-13%,Q3-Q4的基建投資景氣度有望進一步上行。

房地產政策帶動銷售弱復甦,但投資走出谷底尚需時日。

地產政策從信用、交付和銷售三個方面入手,力度避免行業陷入惡性循環。2022年三季度,新房銷售有所改善,預計四季度政策效果將更為明顯。但是,融資渠道的持續收緊,企業拿地放緩和減少新開工,已經反過來影響到下一個階段的銷售回款。我們預計,開發投資的穩定尚需時日,2022/2023年開發投資預計分別下降8.6%和10.3%。

建築建材:至暗時刻,格局重塑。

房建需求下行使得需求偏弱或成未來一年建築建材行業主基調,但一方面基建需求同比增長確定性高,水泥高頻數據也有一定程度的佐證,另一方面預計房建需求較地產開發商房屋需求韌性更好,從而對需求有一定程度託底,帶來值得關注的結構性機會。未來,預計建築建材行業需要在新的需求基礎上尋求供需平衡,這也帶來龍頭企業市佔率快速提升的機遇,推薦基建需求較高、基本面具備韌性、估值合理的建築建材龍頭。

風險因素:

經濟增速下行風險;政策不及預期風險;疫情擾動風險;地產需求進一步大幅下降風險;基建需求韌性不及預期;行業內中小企業不規範競爭行為加劇導致供給端出清不及預期。

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