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美銀:我們即將見證一場歷史性原油大逼空!
格隆匯 03-22 13:41

本文來自:金十數據,作者:肖燕燕

不少分析師一再警吿,由於原油產量增長有限以及煉油和出口需求強勁,未來幾個月美國庫欣地區庫存將趨緊。而現在,正如華爾街多家看漲原油的銀行所警吿的那樣,烏克蘭衝突顯然給供應帶來了更大的風險。

美國銀行大宗商品團隊週一向專業客户發佈了一份題為“庫欣緩衝庫存所剩無幾”(Cushing's Cushion Wears Thin)的必讀報吿。報吿指出,WTI原油日曆價差最近飆升至十年高位(1個月期和3個月期合約的價差為11.70美元),雖然現已有所穩定,但仍然處於高位,這不利於鼓勵交易商儲存石油。

因此,庫欣樞紐的庫存年初至今已消耗約1300萬桶,上週跌到2400萬桶,是頁巖時代的最低季節性水平。現在,存儲水平可能接近運營最低水平,俗稱“罐底”(tank bottoms)。

根據美國銀行的説法,鑑於目前的現貨溢價水平,這些庫存中的很大一部分可能用於混合操作和作為管道流動的備用。因此,它們可能無法用於進行WTI合約交割

更糟糕的是,隨着庫存接近運營最低水平,幾乎每一個價格信號都在阻止原油流向庫欣,這可能會限制再供應。值得一提的是,米德蘭WTI原油較庫欣的溢價已達1.50美元/桶,限制了向庫欣的北向流動。同時,巴肯原油較WTI價差達5美元/桶,表明巴肯原油(Bakken)更有可能繞過庫欣直接流入墨西哥灣地區市場。庫欣和WTI之間以及巴肯和奈厄布拉勒(Niobrara)之間的價差也會降低煉油商混合WTI原油的意願。

再者,WTI-布倫特原油價差最近觸及-9.20美元/桶的多年低點,目前接近-5美元/桶,這將鼓勵交易商未來幾周出口更多原油,出口量“可能創紀錄”

雖然煉油廠的運轉變化應該能短期內緩解庫欣庫存的一些壓力,但過後的庫存形勢仍然很緊張。

從歷史上看,庫欣庫存滯後WTI日曆價差大約2個月。雖然這種關係在正常庫存水平期間可能呈線性關係,但從理論上講,日曆價差應該隨着庫欣庫存見底以拋物線速度增加(更多現貨溢價),然後隨着庫欣庫存增加以拋物線速度下降(期貨升水)。

所有這一切都意味着,“近月WTI原油有可能在今年上半年出現融漲”,類似於2020年4月20日WTI原油跌至負40美元/桶時的極端情況,當時全球經濟停擺,到期交割的原油無處可去,近月合約持有人被迫出錢讓其他人幫忙交割,這才導致價格跌至負值。只是這一次將是反方向。

提醒一下,WTI原油與布倫特原油不同,WTI合約具有實物交割機制,每月強制實物市場和期貨市場趨同。2020年4月,這種趨同在WTI 5月合約到期前充分體現,無法收貨的多頭被迫以負價平倉。現在,美國銀行警吿説,“市場格局已經反轉”

換言之,由於庫存處於非常低的水平,根據WTI合約進行交割的能力可能會降低。美國今年上半年的供應增長有限且將原油送入庫欣的激勵措施有限,庫存可能會在低位徘徊。與此同時,鑑於市場在短期內極度缺乏供應,美國銀行認為,“隨着WTI合約每月到期,出現空頭擠壓的風險增加”,同時,WTI原油相對於其他北美等級原油走強以鼓勵更多原油流向庫欣樞紐的風險也會增加。

簡而言之,在2020年4月的歷史性負油價事件中,由於強制平倉,油價首次跌至負價,而在接下來的幾周內,我們可能會看到相反的情況:隨着空頭爭相買入,卻無法以任何價格獲得原油用於交割,歷史性熔斷一幕有可能發生。

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