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美國1月非農將“大事不妙” 對美聯儲3月加息影響不大
uSMART盈立智投 02-04 15:37

智通財經APP獲悉,北京時間2月4日21:30,美國勞工部將公佈1月非農報告。由於奧密克戎的病例在新年伊始激增,暫時拖累了勞動力市場的復甦,美國1月非農就業數據可能進一步放緩。

具體來說,目前市場預計美國1月非農就業人口將增加15萬人,爲2020年底以來的最低水平;失業率預計維持3.9%,與去年12月持平,爲2020年2月以來的最低水平;平均時薪預計環比增長0.5%,同比增長5.2%;勞動力參與率預計將保持在61.9%的穩定水平,儘管低於大流行前的水平,但已明顯高於大流行時期60.2%的低點。

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據瞭解,去年11月和12月,失業率降至新冠疫情爆發以來的最低水平,而僱主卻難以找到工人。工資增長迅速。今年1月,奧密克戎變異株導致新冠肺炎病例激增,加上一些新的限制措施,以及數百萬工人照顧生病的人,可能會使企業招聘複雜化,並加劇勞動力短缺。因此,預計美國1月份的就業增長將連續第三個月減速。

此外,還有許多人指出,這份最新的就業報告並不能完全反映勞動力市場的潛在實力。白宮對此解釋道,1月非農就業報告的數據採集日期包含公衆假日後的因病缺勤高峯,而奧密克戎疫情導致的暫時性勞動力短缺可能誇大上月失業人數。

白宮經濟顧問委員會成員Jared Bernstein表示:“如果你因病缺勤,而且你沒有拿到工資(即處於無薪休假狀態),那麼在工資調查中,你被視爲不在工資名單上。因此,你不在本週五的就業名單中。這並不意味着你失去了工作,而是意味着你在家享受無薪休假。換句話說,如果你在2月回來,你就會再次被計算在內。”

白宮新聞祕書Jen Psaki也警告說1月就業數據可能不佳,並曾於週一表示,如果一名勞動者缺勤期“沒有獲得帶薪休假,將被視爲失業”。Psaki稱,在收集數據的1月,近900萬人因病缺勤。1月就業報告中顯示的失業人數可能很大程度上是因爲奧密克戎導致的因病缺勤。

高盛對此表示, 由於1月曠工人數激增,預計由奧密克戎引發的美國非農就業數據將暫時下降50至100萬。此外, 高盛也提到,“我們預計失業率將保持在3.9%不變,與預期一致,反映出疫情波引發的家庭就業和就業市場參與率均下降。”

值得注意的是,美國1月ADP就業數據意外疲軟,1月數據下降30.1萬,預期增加20.7萬,暗示整體的美國就業數據將出現下降。不過廣泛的預期依然積極,因此,若數據樂觀,將令市場感到意外。

最新的就業數據能否動搖美聯儲加息的決心?許多經濟學家認爲,由於通脹正處於40年來的最高水平,失業率徘徊在疫情爆發前的水平附近,一份疲軟的就業報告不太可能讓美聯儲改變目前更爲強硬的立場。美聯儲3月加息似乎已箭在弦上,本次非農數據對加息影響有限。

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