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中遠海能計提減值49.6億,業績鉅虧,開盤暴跌

在業績預虧近50億的負面消息影響下,中遠海能今日股價開盤暴跌9.91%,接近跌停。

上週五晚,中遠海能發佈業績預吿,預計2021年實現歸屬於上市公司股東的淨利潤為人民幣-49.20億至-51.20億元。

中遠海能主營沿海、遠洋、長江貨物運輸,船舶租賃,貨物代理與代運等業務,是全球第一大油輪船東。2020年上年同期中遠海能實現淨利潤23.7億元,與今年的業績鉅虧形成強大反差。

與長榮海運、達飛海運、中遠海控等公司開展集裝箱業務不同,中遠海能的營收來源主要靠油品運輸和外貿LMG運輸。財報顯示,2020年中遠海能的油品運輸實現營業利潤40.66億元,外貿LMG運輸創造營業利潤6.63億元,是公司的兩大主要營收來源。

這種區別的結果就是,做集裝箱業務的公司在海運價格暴漲之下,賺得盆滿缽滿;而運油的公司在油運市場低迷之下,業績下滑。

關於業績虧損的原因,預吿中提到兩個:一是疫情期間石油消費需求受到抑制,2021年國際油運市場低迷,導致國際油輪運價持續在低位徘徊,再加上後疫情時期防疫成本上升,影響了公司業績。二是公司對94艘船舶計提資產減值準備,合計減值約49.6億元。

從具體數據來看,中遠海能本次業績鉅虧,主要受資產減值影響。一次性計提49.6億減值,業績數據能好看嗎?

中遠海能此次大規模資產減值引起監管關注。公吿發布當天,中遠海能收到上交所問詢函,要求5個交易日內對資產減值相關事情進行補充披露。包括要求補充披露資產減值測算的具體過程、主要參數選取及依據,與就關鍵參數可獲得的外部數據進行比較,論證説明評估是否存在重大偏離以及報吿期計提大額減值的原因和合理性,計提金額是否準確、恰當等內容。

上週中遠海能發佈對船舶資產計提減值準備公吿時,提到的資產減值測算依據為國際權威機構下調油輪運輸市場租金水平預測,受國際海事組織“碳減排”和國內“3060雙碳目標”等政策影響,公司需要在碳減排方面持續改進,加快對現有油輪船隊的更新節奏,從而給現有油輪船舶資產估值帶來影響。

説到底,中遠海能的虧損和資產大規模減值,是能源行業新舊動能轉換的必然結果。為了應對氣候變暖,實現節能環保目標,全球都在推動以二氧化碳為主的温室氣體減排。以前很多以破壞環境為代價的舊動能,如煤炭、石油等會逐漸被天然氣、光伏發電、風能等清潔能源替換掉。

這對於新能源行業的發展是利好,但對於中遠海能未必是好事。在能源行業新舊動能轉換、疫情肆虐全球的背景下,依賴油輪運輸的中遠海能將面臨巨大風險。一方面,為了減少碳排放,中遠海能需要投入大量成本加快對現有油輪船隊的更新;另一方面,疫情影響下國際油運市場何時走出低迷仍未可知。

華泰證券認為,受油運低迷拖累,中遠海能2021年前三季度業績不佳,需關注後續油運市場觸底回升,靜待市場反彈。

興業證券認為,受主要產油國大幅減產及疫情影響,目前油運市場極度低迷,但油運行業供給端優化空間較大,新船訂單處於歷史低位,潛在可拆解的老舊船舶較多,預計未來幾年供給增速將明顯放緩,隨着 OPEC 逐步恢復產量,市場有望重新向上,帶動公司業績改善。考慮到油運板塊緩慢復甦以及減值處理,維持公司“審慎增持”評級。

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