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鹽湖提鋰概念接連下跌,到底發生了什麼?

113日開盤,鹽湖提鋰、PVDFHJT電池等等鋰電概念板塊集體下跌,紛紛佔據A股板塊跌幅排行榜前幾名。

其中,鹽湖提鋰板塊走弱最為明顯,西藏礦業跌超7%、科達製造跌6.5%、天齊鋰業跌6.2%、兆新股份跌超6%。

消息面上,前兩天無錫電子盤碳酸鋰期貨的大跳水, 1月12日早盤時,據無錫不鏽鋼網報價,多個期限的碳酸鋰期貨價格集體暴跌,跌幅超10%,鋰價指數跌幅近11%,短短兩天內從42萬元/噸跌到35萬元/噸,但值得注意的是現貨碳酸鋰價格並未受到期貨價格的影響,上海鋼聯12日發佈數據顯示,部分鋰電材料報價再度大漲,碳酸鋰漲10500元/噸,均價突破33萬元/噸。

但此次下跌中,估值消化是一個重要的邏輯。

從需求上來看,鋰價取決於下游新能源汽車電池裝機的需求,據公開信息披露,2021年1~12月,我國動力電池裝車量累計154.5GWh,同比累計增長142.8%。其中三元電池裝車量累計74.3GWh,佔總裝車量48.1%,同比累計增長91.3%;磷酸鐵鋰電池裝車量累計79.8GWh,佔總裝車量51.7%,同比累計增長227.4%。

下游市場的火爆,拉着鋰價一路走高,也讓市場普遍對鹽湖提鋰板塊的業績兑現能力持樂觀態度,一眾相關上市公司2021年的成績單都有着可預見的亮眼,前兩天天華超淨和藏格礦業的業績預吿都展現了公司去年業務的巨大增量。

可見,2021年涉鋰上市公司股價走高的重要支撐就是這需求推動下的高昂鋰價。

如今年報期已至,利好預期逐漸兑現,鹽湖提鋰板塊又無更新的好消息出現,甚至下游的新能源車因為補貼退坡問題,讓眾多投資者對新能源車2022年的增速憂心忡忡,這樣的背景下,鹽湖提鋰板塊股價難免進入消化期,開始下跌。

但長期來看,在需求方面,新能源車的滲透率還有很大的提升空間,11月11日乘聯會發布的《2021年12月份全國乘用車市場分析》認為2022年新能源補貼政策是巨大利好,因為未來隨着國內消費者對新能源市場認可度的大幅提升,加上政策補貼的力度穩定,並且隨着新能源產業鏈的規模翻倍提升,降成本能力提升,必然推進2022年的中國新能源車銷售總量暴增,繼續保持世界50%以上份額的超強領軍地位。

同時,乘聯會還對新能源車做出了新的預測,將原來預期2022年新能源乘用車銷量480萬輛,調整到550萬輛以上,新能源乘用車滲透率達到25%左右。並表示,新能源汽車有望突破600萬輛,新能源汽車滲透率在22%左右。相應的,未來涉鋰公司還有很大的市場空間有待挖掘。

而在供給方面,鋰礦關停後重啟的時間需要2-3年,而新的鋰礦從調研到最後產能搭建完畢需要3-5年,從2020年鋰大企業開始減產和出清才開始重啟或者搭建的鋰資源,最快要2023年才開始比較充足的產能釋放。業內和券商也紛紛表示,近兩年內鋰礦的產能釋放速度跟不上需求增長的速度。

除此之外, 2022年開年以來,鋰電、新能源等熱門板塊不斷回調,鹽湖提鋰板塊在市場情緒推波助瀾下被殺估值也不出奇。

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