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美銀長期通脹指標爆表,再次證明物價飆升非“暫時”

今年早些時候,正當華爾街開始癡迷於區分短期通脹和非短期通脹(即永久性通脹)時,美國銀行推出了兩個追蹤指標——短期通脹和非短期通脹指標。

起初,雖然短期通脹指標爲100,或可能的最高水平,但非短期通脹指標較爲溫和,5月份僅爲37(指標達100即通脹達歷史高點,-100即通脹爲歷史低點)。

然而,一個月後,形勢發生了改變,“臨時”通脹指標可能處於最高水平,而且,“非臨時”通脹指標在6月份翻了一番,達到75。

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即使一些臨時的部分價格因素有所回落,比如二手車價格和機票價格,但隨着租金和買房等的物價大幅上漲,“通脹暫時論”開始站不住腳。

美國9月份核心CPI環比上漲了0.24%,同比上漲4%;業主等價租金(OER)和主要住宅租金分別環比上漲0.43%和0.45%,遠遠高於之前環比上漲0.2-0.3%的趨勢,這表明價格持續上漲的壓力要大得多。

與此同時,通脹的短期驅動因素則更爲溫和。一方面,與經濟重新開放相關的部分商品類別價格下降,服裝和二手車等一些商品也是如此。另一方面,新車價格和家居用品價格上漲。然而,追蹤二手車價格的指標Manheim Used Car Index飆升至歷史新高;這意味着接下來發布的CPI數據將會反映,短期和非短期的通脹因素部分大幅上升。

與租金走勢一致的是,美國銀行的美國非短期通脹指標表明通脹不是“暫時的”,該指標從此前的80升至9月份的96,“表明週期性價格壓力處於歷史高位”。與此同時,儘管9月份短期通脹指標同比有所降溫,但仍處於歷史高位。因此,美國銀行的美國短期通脹指標連續6個月爲100。

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如下圖所示,該數據在歷史上(從1995年開始記錄起),從未出現過短期通脹和非短期通脹同時處於歷史高位的情況。

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週一,前美聯儲主席格林斯潘(Alan Greenspan)表示,他認爲通脹顯著上升的威脅持續存在;格林斯潘表示,美國將出現遠超2%的持續性通脹。

上週五,美國5年期通脹保值債券(TIPS)損益平衡通脹率有史以來首次突破3%,這一數據表明了當前交易員們預計的消費者價格指數(CPI)上漲速度。這一比率攀升了足足9個多基點,達到3.007%,這是美國金融數據商統計的自2002年以來的最高記錄。

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雙線資本(DoubleLine Capital)創始人兼首席執行官岡拉克表示,美國消費者價格通脹可能會在2021年保持高位,並至少在2022年之前保持在4%以上。岡拉克援引來自住房成本和工資上漲的壓力,他認爲當前的高通脹並不是暫時性的,相反很可能會持續到未來很長時間。

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