地產:不一樣的週期,開發項目轉讓難覓
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究,作者:陳聰 張全國 李宗儒
地產信用風險的爆發,迄今為止沒有伴隨大量存量地產項目整體轉讓。我們相信,這並不是因為問題企業無意處置資產,而是社會資本無意買入風險大、預期收益低的住宅開發項目。對房地產仍有興趣的資金,則主要聚焦核心城市商辦不動產和空間運營&物業服務公司。
▍歷史上,信用風險經常伴隨存量開發項目轉讓。
歷史上,萬達、新城控股、新湖中寶等,都曾在資金狀況偏緊時,積極轉讓不動產資產,也都因為轉讓不動產資產而實現了公司槓桿率不同程度的優化。
▍本輪信用風險,雖然企業有強烈的處置資產意願,存量地產開發項目的轉讓卻十分罕見。
目前,境內外債券收益率不斷走高,信用風險有不斷惡化的跡象。轉讓物業管理公司的公吿層出不窮,説明企業有意處置資產。一些企業主動降價銷售,也説明企業“捨得”變現資產。但最近存量房地產開發項目資產包交易難覓,項目出讓也很少,和每一次信用風險爆發的歷史形成鮮明對比。
▍信用風險傳導的預期下,全行業追求現金為王。
企業擔心市場競爭性降價,債權人信心下滑,銷售回款減速,缺乏增加土儲的意向。我們測算12家綠檔大公司加槓桿的整體空間也只有3000億元左右,且分佈相當不均。一旦銷售下滑,企業存量槓桿上升的空間會進一步收窄。產業外資金對進入地產行業興趣很小,地產行業的社會評價和預期收益都不高。
▍存量開發項目風險大,預期收益低。
由於一二線限價的存在和三四線近年來需求的透支,未來存量項目房價超預期上漲的可能性很小,即項目獲得超額盈利的可能性很小。但存量開發項目不僅要面臨房價下降的威脅,還要面臨產權性質、配建義務、債務關係等多方面不確定性。和公開市場拿地相比,存量併購也沒有吸引力。
▍風險提示:
由於房價下降,存量項目轉讓市場冰凍,企業家道德風險等諸多因素,局部的信用風險不斷擴散和傳染的可能性。
▍期待信用風波早日結束,建議權益投資者聚焦空間運營和服務。
我們認為,信用問題的聚焦點逐漸從供給轉向需求。9月份樣本企業銷售同比下降超過30%,且基本面還是快速下行。無論行業信用風險擴散到何種範圍,住宅開發項目盈利能力下降已是定局。產業資本已經表明了自己的立場,即願意不斷增持運營和物業服務類資產,或者買入核心城市的商辦不動產,不願意接盤風險大、預期收益低的住宅開發資產(哪怕高折價)。我們相信,這對於二級市場投資者也是重要的啟示。我們相信,在信用風波尚未過去時,房地產服務業的標的更具備價值。這既包括受益於探索新業務方向的貝殼,也包括受益行業整合機會出現的物業管理公司,如華潤萬象生活、碧桂園服務、保利物業、金科服務、旭輝永升服務和世茂服務等。
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