從茅台創新高看長期價值投資
作者:周科競
來源:北京商報
茅台再創新高,價值投資者又一次逆襲,如果價值夠高,藍籌股就能不斷給投資者創造神話。相比之下,績差股在持續創新低,這就是價值投資之下的市場分化行情,如果不選擇價值投資,牛市來了也枉然。
一段時間之前,部分投資者感歎茅台跳水,認為價值投資的行情已經結束,但是隨着茅台創出新高,價值投資者又開始揚眉吐氣,逢低吸納的投資者更是獲得了滿意的投資收益,長期持有優質藍籌股再一次被證明是正確的。
為什麼茅台能夠屢創新高?因為茅台的經營業績特別好,投資者實在找不到茅台經營上的業績滑坡隱患,茅台的產品不愁銷售,產品品質被全國人民認可,這樣的公司,股價受到了價值投資者的強烈追捧。就算是短期來看估值可能有虛高的情形,但是隨着時間的推移,業績的增長就能把虛高的水分擠幹,所以每當茅台股價調整的時候,都會有大資金逢低吸納。
因此,茅台的股價總是卡着估值的上沿,一旦低於這個上沿,就出現了投資價值,長線買家就會入場,股價也會止跌回升。
如此買入優質藍籌股是價值投資,但是價值投資並不是只有這一種形態。本欄認為,價值投資大致分為兩種。以基本面為核心的投資方式分為價值型和成長型,價值型即投資低於內在價值的優秀企業,成長型則是投資預期存在高成長性的優秀企業,而追求基本的價值投資是投資者最容易掌握的,例如長期買入並持有貴州茅台。
當然,這是價值投資的最初級階段。不過,這個初級階段就足以讓投資者的投資回報數學期望為正值。如果真想成為巴菲特那樣的超級價值投資,也是不容易的。投資者看到上市公司已經發生的業績並不難,只要能夠看懂財務報表基本就可以了,只要上市公司沒有造假,就能成為合格的價值投資標的,而這種狀態也是絕大多數A股投資者能夠實現的狀態。
如果想要進一步進行價值投資,想要做到巴菲特所説的用銅的價格買黃金,就需要能夠在上市公司的財務報表裏找到隱藏着的蛛絲馬跡。然後根據這些蛛絲馬跡作出自己的猜想,再根據股票市場之外的信息去驗證或者推翻自己的猜想,從而找到股價被低估或者高估的公司,並通過未來的股價重估獲得自己的投資收益。這也是價值投資,而且更加高級。
簡而言之,投資者按照1800元/股的價格買入茅台,從長期看是沒什麼問題的,但是短期或許有更好的優質股票還沒有被挖掘,例如很多高科技公司曾經的股價都不算很高,但是隨着業績的不斷增長,股價也跟着屢創新高,最後人們發現,原來業績增長對股價的推動能夠達到10倍以上。
更高級的價值投資就是尋找未來能成為茅台的潛力股,這就需要投資者把握科技前沿、國家扶持政策以及社會的最新需求,尋找到未來的茅台,投資者的收益率將能達到10倍甚至100倍。
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