央行:稳健的货币政策成效显著,金融支持实体经济力度明显增强
作者:刘琪
来源:证券日报之声
8月6日,央行发布2020年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告(以下简称:报告)。报告指出,我国经济增长表现出强劲韧性,2020年上半年国内生产总值(GDP)同比小幅下降1.6%,其中第二季度同比增长3.2%,明显好于预期;上半年居民消费价格指数(CPI)同比上涨3.8%,就业形势总体稳定,进出口贸易好于预期。
一是保持流动性合理充裕。灵活运用降准、中期借贷便利、公开市场操作、再贷款、再贴现等工具,引导市场利率围绕政策利率平稳运行,稳定了市场预期。二是继续释放改革红利,降低社会综合融资成本。引导中期借贷便利和公开市场操作中标利率下行30个基点,带动贷款市场报价利率(LPR)下降。稳步推进存量浮动利率贷款定价基准转换,推动降低存量贷款利息支出。三是完善结构性货币政策工具体系,精准滴灌。3000亿元专项再贷款和5000亿元再贷款、再贴现政策已基本执行完毕,1万亿元再贷款、再贴现政策有序衔接。创新两项直达实体经济的政策工具,加大对普惠小微企业的支持力度,支持经济恢复发展。四是以我为主,兼顾对外均衡。人民币汇率总体稳定,双向浮动弹性增强。五是牢牢守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线,贯彻市场化、法治化原则,稳妥推进金融风险处置,加大不良贷款核销处置力度。
总体来看,稳健的货币政策成效显著,传导效率进一步提升,体现了前瞻性、精准性、主动性和有效性,金融支持实体经济力度明显增强。6月末,广义货币供应量(M2)同比增长11.1%,社会融资规模存量同比增长12.8%,增速均明显高于2019年。6月份企业贷款加权平均利率为4.64%,较上年12月份下降0.48个百分点。。人民币汇率双向浮动,市场预期平稳。6月末,中国外汇交易中心(CFETS)人民币汇率指数报92.05,较上年末升值0.72%。
下一阶段,中国人民银行将统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,坚持新发展理念,坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线,扎实做好“六稳”工作,全面落实“六保”任务,确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务,全面建成小康社会。
稳健的货币政策更加灵活适度、精准导向,保持货币供应量和社会融资规模合理增长,完善跨周期设计和调节,处理好稳增长、保就业、调结构、防风险、控通胀的关系,实现稳增长和防风险长期均衡。要增强针对性和时效性,根据疫情防控和经济金融形势把握货币政策操作的力度、节奏和重点,坚持把支持实体经济恢复与可持续发展放到更加突出的位置,综合运用并创新多种货币政策工具,保持流动性合理充裕,疏通货币政策传导机制,有效发挥结构性货币政策工具的精准滴灌作用,提高政策的“直达性”,支持实体经济特别是中小微企业渡过难关、平稳发展。
多渠道做好预期引导工作,保持物价水平基本稳定。推动贷款市场报价利率改革,有序推进存量浮动利率贷款定价基准转换,推动综合融资成本明显下降,为经济发展和稳企业保就业提供有利条件。支持银行特别是中小银行多渠道补充资本和完善治理,加大不良贷款处置力度,提升银行服务实体经济和防范化解金融风险的能力。深化金融供给侧结构性改革,推动金融、科技和产业形成良性循环和三角互动,协调好本外币政策,处理好内外经济平衡,加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。
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